Annual Report ~Agricultural Experiment StationAurnUiest
1978
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Annual Report
Auburn University
+1
pg
U
t 
g1
"a
A year of significant 
service
Thei repoitrt ioi 1978 xxotrk of yoitr
.Xlai anu Agriculiituiral E.xpierimI eint S tatitoit
is foii a xyear that saxx cash) farmi sales in
Alabama reac) $1.9 hillioun. Th~is exceetdetd
th~e pr~evius h)ighl)ttlar incomite ofi 1976 bx
apprimiiatelx $:300t millioin but,
unfo rtiunatelx , miotre thain this aimtoutnt is
requ iired tot offset increased ciists.
Thle retftre, n et tart) it)comii e xxas beltowx
1976. Increased tcosts at exerx tiirii, relatix e
tot prices receixed, conitiinie tot keep
fariniers fromi emjinixlg as itigh persnal
incomie froim tin-farm lahbir and
investmtent iin farm it rnotdiuctiotn as thier
segiments tif outr ecoinonix receixve.
The Alabamia Agri cuiitu rai Exp~iierim ient
Station is the sintgle oirganizationu charged
hx the A labam a I gi sla tire to cionttditct a
pirogrami oif research in the' public interest.
The assigniment is bro ad hut also quiite
specific. Speocificalix mentioned arte
probhleits relate'd tot imanageinent,
coniserva~tiont anti xwise use of oitr sil,
xxater, atnd theur natural resouirces
including gamie anti fish, anti thte
prodtutctioni, proceessing, tnarketing,
itmanut factuirin g, tilnt di stribtiion of all
produtcts tof the( farm and rutral
commit nitim eus. It also provities ''as future
ch anginig a gri cuiltutralI coini]d itiins max
dem iandt it, ftor ( research til) othter
impouirtantt agricutural andt ecotnoic
probhlemis haxving for thteir objtect thie
teie loptiett ot a imore piermianuent, moire'
proiItahble, and tdivxersi fietd a gricitutre.
The' changes in agriculiture' as a result oif
the effoirts o~f this andt oither State'
A gricutltutral E xpenrimiten t Sta tiotins anti the
rest'arch arms tif theti'.S. D~epartiment of
Agrictutre hax e exceeded ptredtictionms,
hut it htas ntot hbeen enitotght. Knoixxledge is
the' frotntier tif freedotm. It has to be
cointinuoiuslx moivxing foirxxard if the nee'ds
andt responumsibilities of mntn are toi he
fumlilleti. XXe cannout stand still We' xx-hit
havec the re'sponsibilitx for carry ing oiuit thte
charge are distresseti xxhen xxe see boith
Fecde'ral amtd State appropriatioins falling
short of inflation so that essential prgrams
that haxve been bujilt ox er the y ears cannot
be tmaintainedi in face of inflation. WXe
knows the long process required to train
scientists and to dex (l1o1 the c'apabiility for
attacking piroblems~ xx ith ingenuity,
imtagi na tion, ant] skill. WXe knowix that miost
ineaingful research requtires consistent
effort. WXe imist put our piriorities 
in this
State anti Nation wxhere the greatest
b~enefits accrue. H istoryx is clear: wxhen
agricultural research is postponed, the
benefits are lost. Research in the public
in terest in ist coni)tinute to pro gre ss. T'his
requtires that funding be increased to
match in fla tiot n and also( to alltoix new
piroblemns to he researched.
XX e are fortunate in this State that wxe
nti x havxe, in final stages of comnipletion,
State funded field research facilities that
gix e us the capacity to coniduict the nieeded.'
program of research. Alahama cannot
a fford to let these facilities he
Dean and Director R. Dennis Rouse (left) and
Dean and Director Emeritus E. V. Smith at
the recently completed Main Station.
3
it' t~
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LIn 1978, Mir. and Mrs. Solon D ixonm gaxve
to the Auihurti Unix ersitx Founndation land
on wxhich to humild a Forestrxy Eduication
Center in Escaimhia andl Cov ingtoin
cioiinties and then gaxve the ito nex to bu iild
this Center, xx hich xwill gix e Auburn a
facilitx for forestry and xxildlife teaching,
research, anti conttinitn g ied ucatio n t hat is
in keeping xxith the imipitatnce of forestrx
and xwiltdlife tii Alabama.
The Land G~ranmt t'nix, ersity ciince ptis a
cionceipt of coiop erati on. All peo ple b en efi t
fromt its agricultural research priogramis.
The xxork reported for 1978 tx pifies the
attention the Agricultural Experimnent
Statioin scientists gixve to the' problems xyoiu
and I face in our datix lix is.
WXe are confident this xxotrk merits xyour
in tere st and sutppiort. XWe are equhallIy
cotntf ident xyou xxill coni)tinu ittot advxise its inr
re gardl toi our progtram nas xyoni haxve in the
ptast. XWe cherish this partnership xwith all
the citizens tof this State.
R3. D~ennis Rotuise
D~ean anti Dir'ctoir
I.
i
ll1rfHHlNin~ IN us
I\JcII.
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D~edicatioii of the F. \ Smith jResetarch
( i'ntei onl Nseiiiht' 9, 197S, madeit 1978
his~torX of the Xlabaimia Agicuiltiiral
agr icultuire, aintd through it to tli{
'Ilhi( relocation of the Iain Station to a
faciilities is at drteam c'omie true. \\itli tis
Xiouiiern 'rachitX in fuW ('ll operatiotit
itihe qitalitX anti capabiliitX of its \laint
agricuiltuiral landt on thX i ,200-)acre
reset'(rcl) farmi offters iullimlijted
prlems('ii faing pr~oduiers of liXetXock
and1( fieldl alit horticultural cropsi) ill
Xlaha ifi.
I lie conitrast betweetn tis modern i
resetarch facility and thle o1(d \1iii Stationl
on the Auburn campusi Ois shXlarp. A lie! ('(I
the old1 Main( Statioin wXas oii land~ unsiuiltedl
to imotdern farmnig operations, sy itli
constaint sqjueezinig to miake roolii for
campii)Is b~uiildings, thle new'X cente't has
adiequiate' land for field sc.ale experlim'etX
that cail relate (liretlyI to oni-farmt
eqiiuiient, irrigatiion sX stemsX init
exprimiien tal plastu res iimake the old(
facilities ait Auibirni appear like somietlinig
out of the 19th celntulr. Its licatiiin at
Sho rtter. halfwa bXd )etwX en Aiuibuirn atnid
MlontgomierX, moakes~ tile center reasonlab~ly
cionvenien(1)t ftor projiect leadet rs at Auibu!rn.
i'oiir miajor areas iof researcih hav e heen
relicated to) the F.> . Smithi Center: field
criops; fruit, vegetable, and~ nut c'rops)
dirin i g; and beef eat tle 1)reed inig aInd
nuitrition. Fach of thiese units ihas ia
hieatdqiua rters and serXvice en t er eqiiipped't
ti) siii)po)rt fieldt research. Feetd stoiragi and1(
feetding barns fill the lieeds of bieef
bireetding andi nutritiion research, andt the
miioderni confinement dlairX facility offers
the latest ini dairy biinigXs andi
eqi1meiOnt Irrigation XN'tefit s are
fliriihed for us XC XXith field and
hiorticultumral trop studties.
In addl(ition to iimajor researchi areas
other diepartmnents XX ill itilize tine newX
s4'
1esarc ornacross the State were on
(c'lter for Xipecific piroijctsX Agricuiltiiral
eineersi'i' X Xill XXoirk on1 t'nginee'trilig
prioblemsH assoiciatetd XXith mloditt'rn
iof field and1( horticiiltiural c'rops and1 pines'
wXill loe stuieditO ibN plant pa(thlgis~tst.
Cloliculrent XXitho tieX e'l)oment iof thii E.
V. Smiith Re'Xs'arclh Center iX af c'ontiloiilg
programl of coinstriuction anti up~graintg tof
TI co0nsiiitrution p~rojets -a uilitX
buiilding (It the lhlrfgrasX Res'earcho ti
anthia fish noitritionl labooratorX at tiit' North
Xuburn FisherieX 1 nit XX ere 'ompiilete't
'I 'lit Ste 'T' echt'nit1(oogy Cet'tet'r Xas (IX rinlg
hand tor dediaoor, or 0n ''V ' v. 0in10
retnovIation ill XX(I Iiite(rway toi iiprXvC thoe
usetf ulnessX iif tih' LIXXivtk Jtidgitig Aretia,
I aiiiiort Meiats I aborati rN , and the
faci lit ie's atnd ftne 'tt tXXXtre rtepilaced at the
site iii tih' fortier on-c'ampuX diairX untit.
Addioitions and1( limpovemenii'ts on and off
('(ilitoli pide 1(1 (iloptimisltic' ouitlooik for
tin' fuituiit. O pportunities fior rt'Xearch haXve
neve ir been'i beitte'r, asX the re'Xt'arch programi
taiktX atlXanltagt' iif the faciliteX (1nd
re'se'archi Xwill hl CI) laiha Ila agrictu re
lbt obi ousl to Xisitiors toi Aiuburn I IniX t'ritX
in the' }cairs ahadt aIX the former Mlain
Staitiont aire'a I i coXvertt't into the
aigritcultiural XshoXX iplatet thaIt aI motr Lantd
G;rant t'lOX irsitX deseXirves'.
The Seed Technology Center was nearing completion at the end of 1978.
I!
Timely research findings
spotl ighted
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A
r
AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS AND
RURAL SOCIOLOGY
Financial Management and
Farm Growth
\latiageinent is ia critic al reqreminent
for sutccesstful farmting riderli cirititn
ectonomiic( coni)(itin. T his \\is grapitals
demointtstraitedb its compilar isoni of fort
lintear iit progrmmin miodel dlisigii'd to
similtlate' growxth of ia farmii firmi ox 
in a
5-s ear pe'riod.
F'ariiers xxith bc'losx asverage anid
av erage lex els of iianagem et t ex re char-
acterized by loxw prodcitivxit and Iirited
credit axvailability. Thus, tiey did riot has e
the necessarx cash f loxw to mieet ev er-
icreasinog cai ita I requ tiremnen ts oxver the 5-
year period. Farmers Nv ith iriiirox ed( and~
suplerior lev els oft ilanagetilent, through
increa sed effiefene \ an tilpriiluietixit}
diev elop~ ed .sueessfu op era tio ns. Geni
eralk-, roxsv cr0op en terpri ses doi ttina ted ini
the opltimnal solutio~n, buot farmters xxith
souperi or management ftouind it mo ist 
piro
fitable to exspand liv estock enterprises.
Current Conditions Complicate Credit
'Flie increase ini farm ijnpurt price's antd thie
increasing ctost of tarintg hasve not toils
intensified the cost-price sqtueeze for
farmers, thex also htax(, created problemis
fior Alaba ma banikecrs xwh it i ake f'artmi
lo anis. Bankers i nterxie sxed ini auit Aubrn
stirs evs cited lack of gootd tfurmu
mianagemient, poor record keepiig, luix'
cattle prices, and the State lisu rs hiaw tht
limiits interest rate's tii S percent ton loains
ruder $25O)0 as ptroblemis inix otl ed ini
finatncin g fan iope)(rationirs.
Bantkers generailly h at I i oblem is ini
anialyziAng fartmi loan retquiis ts. Few uxisedl
special f inatniial ftoris d esi gned foir farmt
botrrtotwcrs. Thc generall~ conserxatixc
lending attitude of the samtple banikers
re'dutcc'c the chiancc's tif at farmt hbtrrixwer
ob taiintg adc'quta te crc'cdit frim ita sinogle
source tio ca rrx otut his fartnig op itra tionts.
Catfish and Tilapia Compared
Prttcdtction and marketing trials ftir
catfish and tilapia xwere cot inu i ed duct ritig
1978 to tibtain ectonttmic infoirmiationt for
pirese'nt andI pten'tial pirtocdtcers. It 55 
as
foutnid that iitss lx hatchei'c tilauiia coutlcd 
lie
gi tss i to mrittketablt' size iin iote grit 
u
seasoni thus allt's iaiting the pritblemt 
of
itx e'r ittering fingerlings. lilapia 
xxere
reaill acct'pt'c bs bttx crs sx hen 
offe(redt
wxith charitel catfish.
Cotton Marketing
Improvements, Possible
Xii Aubrn miiarketing sttucl idetiiidt
biettt'r coopenratimn, ciiorcdinatiitn, arid
coirimutniicatiton amoitng ginriers, wxarc'
hititstemcn, mrchanits, and mill repre-
s('rtattxi's as steps) to allex iate seritous
cittiin mtarketinig prioblemus. A re'cdrctiion ini
thei ittmtber itf titties cttoni is hiandcldc aindc
itistallatitin ttf tiu c'rsal ccnsitx piresses at
gins coutlcd lttx e'r iiarkc'ting cttsts.
F~liinratinig dupiliciation, such as repeatedl
satpliig itf bialc's, coutlcd ctintribtute tot
ttiarkt'tinig efticic'ncs. Diffe'renit
ptrice'dure's ini stticking acI brea~king 
ot
bhds at swa rehitouises xwoutlcd 1)e ben('ticcial ti
somtie xxareu'isc' oiperatioins. Re'searchi
indticatedl that des eltipiient and use ittia
coirmpter sy stemn for balc' rccrcd kc'ep ing
andcloI ca tiotn xxtotulcd bc' fc'asiblec.
Who Uses Suspension Fertilizers?
A xttrx c's int six Tc'nnc'ssee V 
allt'\
counities itd'ntitiedl x ting'r farmers 
ancd
thotse' larticrllarlx attractc'd tio 
laboir
sax itigs oiptionts as the most like'l- 
risers tif
stuspenion tc'rtilizers. Xxailabiit ttf
cdeale'r c're'cit and custom sc'rxlces tenided
tot attract suspen'isiont risers moitrc' thtan users
of cittx rititital f('rtilize'rs. ''here xwas tit
inidicationt fri ii thit research intfotrmatioit
thait fe rtilizer users behec'sed that typ oi'tf
fertilizer atf'cte't crotp response.sc
More Park Land Needed
iTo serx ,%' piresitit arid future Alabamia
State Park xvisittit , land iii parks mutrst he'
ticre'ais'd ibtort 41 petrcenit bs the s iar
200.x P'rojec titoirs for that da~te incdicaite 
at
potirtial fur tixi 20 illionr v isittirs tot
Alabamta parks, xx ith abotiiit afoturth being
D~ata oni park users, gathecredc tot help
1
jtlant aht('ad fo At labattia's parks, shitix that
ttosit park x isitrirs arc' faiiilit's xwithi
cilcreurndehr 16 stars oif agc', friomt tirbani
I ac'kgri ot ix, antdl ar(' xwclI'l 
tiuca t'c,
miiddlt' inicomte indis icduals. 
Xx an axveragc',
\isittirs trax i'l'd 117 rmiles tot rc'achi the park
AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING
Measuring Machine Capacity
and Reliability
Aii XAtubuitrr dtesveliopc'c f ormutla ti
predict matchineic captacity xx ax foundic tot be
highls accutrate' For plantc'rs, 
cutltiv atoirs,
spraye(rs, rmoiltdboircd plowxs, harroxws, arid
cit to n piic kers, the p Iredli ction fotrmul it %-xxas
in erro r bx 5 pe(rce'nt or less xx hc'n
operations were associated with superior management.
:1
* -. - r' '*-*~' - .*, A>'. -ii.
-2
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iieaxiireiientx. The ftirmiuila lises 
14
spifi inpu011 t cotefficiciits to 1( 
indicte
t'iaiatit\ in acres pter hour.l Inc'liuded 
are
su chi thinigs as field sizec and 1shape,' rowx
that thei p~rediiction fiirmuiila call he 
ia
eniterp rise.
mahnexy rtiliabililt, icrx attiiionll being
tcaiuse of farm ml iacinetrx bre iakdiwni.
These'x data xx ill be coiirelatedi xxiti siuch
tingis as tiital oiirs oif iuse or 
acres
grioxx i. Rliits \ xill be iusetd tio dtetrinel
cioeffIicientsx of reliaihiiitx foi spec'ific
categorics iof imachines. Thesiex co effticients
wxili e iixcfuil to inivl\iduial fail erx in
plianinglil for etfective m'iachincrx,
Automatic Control of Tractors Nearer
Re tctint atixances in icitrioeletrnics
hav e iincreased( the feasiiritx iif alititiatic
countio ofiii the farmi trac tioii A~ xmill
ciimpulter (nicit'i tpliiterl) c all ioxx be
puit tin tilt tiactotr aiid add~ iiiii 2-3 percent
tii thii coiit. Rlesearchi is inoix seeking to
inicorpo rate at miicrocomiipuiteri xxith the
pr('eient expi eriimientl ciont ril si xstem that
planltinrg, and cuiitivxa tillg. Ilte Illicro-
ctomipuiter allioxs for better and Ilnore
flexible' conltriil. Facilitiesx iusied xx6th thix
traictor. The xsimuiiatior ix uxed tio perfiirmi
is ntcessa~ry bef'ore'ia contli x xyte'ii canl he'
Waste Water Recycling
from Lagoons
lT'e pottential for rtuinrg wxaxte xx att'r
fromt iiamiire tdixpoli lagiiiin xx xtet'ii wax
esxtalisxhted iii laxt xytar'x rexearch. D~airy
intl xxxine wxaxte xxere' loatdied into
labolratorl x oelsti at rati'x ill 0.025, 0.5, 1 .0,
anti 2.0 poundsti of x iiatiiie xolidts petrl 
100
cublic ft'tct par tdax. Ox er te xear, chemical
oxygt'r diemandlt. total kjeldahl niitrogteni
amlinria nitrolgenl, alid total xolids
tcontenitx of the udairx xsyxtemsr hav e
appi roach'etd xteatdy xta te valuietsx. 'lbusi
xele'ctiionl of at loatdinig rate f or tdairy wxaxte'
wxouiltd xt'em to he' haxtet on1 thit deisired
ltevel of treatmeltnt oxver at long petriodt. lilte
xxxwie xx xtet'i hlaxe not stabilizetd to the
tile twxo loxxwtr loading rattes xboxx any sign
&
The problem of non-uniform watering by hose-towed 
irrigators, caused by speed variations as
the hose is wrapped around the takeup drum, 
is getting attention in Auburn research.
if hin lg ap~proacihed xtieadi x statte
ciinditionsi. Tis xuggts thait lainlg at
xxx rut recyc lin~g xx xtl'l it rates greatt'r
Ill the udairyx anti xxxinei xx ste'lns lioadetd it
thll hiighiest rate, fetal cilliflrlnl leixl x x rte
each xx steml. liT' xt'coirit yr laigooni itf thlt
xxx iiii xx xttem) cointainitet I iugii thet xamel(
xi't'uiitar x lagoonil shiiex i' atii deinitt'
tecret se l'lin fecalt coi lfoiii o. Salnl l iai'
persisted oo ni fixx diaxx ill tilt diri
xx xtt'ri anti xxax noit jlrt'xt't attr 32 tias xiii
rtecyxclttd 32 tdaxx aftetr a xxxtrl xx ax
tconltaminiatedl bx bacterial plathoigensl.
Minimum Tillage
Soybeans Successful
\iirriiiri tillage' xi sobe'ansx itied
aboilit ax xxeii ax thoisxt grllxx foi tiuiiix rg allx
o~thetr miithoiit of landt p~rteparationr ill 1978.
ofi ipiltilt. xlixbteans sholdl~ lit inito tilt
piroduclttioni pirogram.i Iiiix x xyti'ii ilox-x
tcrop ix hiaretedt't xxitihoiut aitlng dlax for
lanit plrep'arationi. Getttinig at xtandt ot
xsixbeansx siax bhe tdifficulrt xxitii liimumiil
tiliage' if tilt pret' iocrtiop hasl uistet upi
hotxxex er, mitutire ix noit lxst hx land
resxiduie froti the prex viu c'rop miax
c)'opliatel x tit xlix tiig xxliiann in
rippertix art' oipet'id't 7 ti e inche deeptt''
1 
at
tine of' pii lanltin g. -I ii shlloxNN ipinig
xxwouill' ieiieirale~t fiir fallIlr who1 x x iiii x
tratorx xxitli lexs thlan 100( iiirsxipolwex tioi
Hose-Towed Irrigators Evaluated
aI x iig speedl iif hioxse-tixx irrinigatoirs
asx theix liltix' alonlg till trax el lan' xxs al
jIri lri ieti fittd ill 19t78 ix ii latio ii.
ax it ix xx raiipptet aroundlt tilt takt'ip illanil
tirir intl causxts tie irrigitor tol lillx t
xfaster (about 1ix to 1 ttperctii t ihaiiilx in
speed'l is tot iix rxxatt'r tilt firxt stettiion if thei
fitld andi inrw xatti tieltiaxt xstctiion.
xxee t ori x trlin biiiet 1r bet tt' f:2inch
inxitle oniaiiit me liixrtriator 1to heipti
elimte tisti tpr2o ntblem. iix tthiir
wuir at3 i p'i. at angrux telxtatifn to3
antis 81.6 5it3r galtt'lo' p inte. Another
+'1
AGRONOMY AND SOILS
Soil Calcium Needs of Peanuts
detfitcienit for peanuli~t gr owXing thtan anlX
other ferItilize'r nuitrient. 'I'lie characteristitc
sX mlptomn of caiumitti tlefielieXc has long
beeni re'ogizi/d its unfilled fruit cav iti's,
t'onuoii ulX ca~lled( "p(ps." But these same
tdeficent 51oils weti to gross lixniailtin lts
that 'ouitinue to l oXXer latt' inito tihe s(ason,
XIies, flowXers an atllnts. These diff ereitces
and greenhnoise exlleiio ts it Auilurii
D~efinintg "critical" calciuim as the
grothXXt it was found10 that peanuiits had
requlIiremettnts. V ines had tihe lowXest
requliremienlt, fertile flowXers hiad ani
inte'rmiaitlte need, and pod filling had the
highest. Increasinig soil cailciumn steliXise
from t ver X l'T owX leX el first increa'sed( X ilt'
groXXth, XX itli sublsequlent appIlications
caulsitig alt iincrease' n pelrceta(tge' (If fertile
flowe rs a1n(1ia eorresponditing dlecreatse inl
Xvine growXth. Aditionial calciumt beyond1(
thlat requlired' for max\Iimumi flowXXer fertilitX
cauisetd att increase ini pod fill antI it fuirthler
dItereas it' ie glrowI XXth.
Soil Compaction Versus
Soybean Yields
Iflowo repleatedl tillage c'omplacts soil-
and reduces X ield XXs sh, IoXw ill it 1978
se'(d bed plreparaiittionii studyt] at tile M arTXinl
Agricultmral Liigiileeriilg Biesearch Iflit.
Plant heigiht and N ield (If Bragg soXybeanis
XXere retlucedt II antd 1:3 perceent,
reslect iyX IX, l) 0- i eoid li sking
(followXiilg turnling XXith a ianoldlhoard piloX
andI liskiitg). XX ithi thr~ee tliskiilg',
redet illns ini p lanlt hlei ght rant I ieldl XXere
14 and 25 plerenit, resplectiXvelIX, ov er a
sinlgle' (li'kiilg. in aniothler soyblean test, ain
a rtifitcially Xcomp1ac(lted t suillsoi 01 e(tducetd
Xyieltds 39 plertenit Th'en hahiagras XXais
grown 1 for 2 Xyears 1)1 tile Coastal lalins soil.
Boots (If tile bhiia opened't iup thte
tcompaclte(d sublsoil, antd Xyie'lds XXerte
rtesto redt to thlat (of a n111 ono pacted1 soi1
In-row Subsoiling and Corn Yields
A subsoiler-latetr that siibsoils, direetlx
ben~eathl tile roxX XXais usedt at nlinet locations
tto evalutinte sub soiling an d not-til lagte til
tornl prodluctionl. No-till XXith in-ToXX
sub sIi ling produc tied 1 4 to 70) iperent
greater Xyitetds at six oif thlt locations thlan
did lantd that XX' n vetilXn'1tioI nall pIIrt'paretd
and not subsoileti. MIoisture extraction
fromi ltoXXer tdepths Xwais greate'r Xwhere till
Corn Planting Time,
Hybrids Compared
eart'I \Iarch in thet Cult C oa1st Ar ea and(
miid Marchi tol IlitI-April ill othetr areas of
XXerte frtm liit11(1 nonirr'igatedt dte~ ttof plan tin
sou~ttheri labamiaui gavet simnilar tt'suilts.
fungus-priodtlitedt tox~in. 1
1
t'tliiiinarX?
rtesuilts intdicate that irrigated or ('1h lad
loweX r inidence'Ttt and( steX trit oIf atflatolxini
Tall Fescue Gives High Beef Yields
Retsiilts, of ia 3-X ear grazing triail at thle
BlIack Belt SuibstatioIn 5IhowX that tall fesene
pet'rformancei tt than is no TihXX1 i g reatizetd in
lutost pasitures.5 Avelrage sttetr gins (If 1.78
poi nd pe aiad43ipudlprar
Efforts to findt reasons1i for poo(r gaini on1
fescue idtentifit'd at toxic fungus, Epie/Ioc
fuinguis wXas fouindt iin grass fuiriishiig thet
high daily galns, XXhilt' seX ere fuingus
inifestation XXais foutntd ill pasture's at thit
XXhe're steetr performa i~nce XXs poottr.
Nematode Resistant Sericeas Released
SevXe'tal roo~t knot netode~t~tt resistant
st'rieau inbiretd lines hiaiX t' e (lel teXelollt'd
c'oope'ratiXvelX bX tilt Alabamati~ and(
Geto rgia agrieul tiural texpetrlim11etnt stnati ons
ailt
1 
.SI ).-SEA. Strala 76 andlt Inltter'tate
76 are new Xvarieties d(letlope)d fromtl thtest'
lines. Bt'ing rtesistnt to thrtee spaecies (if
miikte highe'r it'ltds than siscetiblt'
vairittit's XXhet'n gr(XX on (1 infe'ste't stils.
SeralIa 76 is a f ilt' stetimmeitd, tall growXX ig
Xvarity siiiilar tto Serala ill stt'n typ and 01(
height. It is miort' rtesistanlt to the cotton
roott knolt net' odetllt thaln Serala. Inte'rstatt'
76 is inlte'rmietiate be(tXeten Serala antI
Intt'rstate inl ht'ight andlt haus a more~t openl
growXXtih habit than Intt'rsta te. Botth
Iintt'rstatet 76 andt lIterstatt' are fine
stt'tiiiit'l, dense5t, andt p~rofuiselX brnedt,
alild bolth hnave a high lt'vel (if resistance tt
76 11as prodtutetd hlight'r yieldls tif forage
than Itetrstate ini A~laibamai tests.
-lurndone, anI experim~ental therbicide, has
controlted a wide spectrum of grasses and
broadleaf weeds without appreciable intury to
cotton in recent year tests.
Weed Control in Cotton, Peanuts
Th li'tolst effectiXe e'txpeimnta~tl
tcolitro~l ini reent X ears is fliuritloni t ilyI
Best'nreih tlt'Xtlopiient. DuIrintg thet patst 2
e ars it hats effeetiXc c'Iotlitrllett a hroatd
speitrum ofiti I gritsses aut
1 
Ibroadtleaf weXeds't
leXel Io(f effectiX e'1ntss a ginist 1111tst'tgt'
trnatkte it XXarti'ual gt'tractitlsvtfettX.
tetluate'dt forX pe'nts, thii a t'i-eii iea
begru wa oitfth ost t'ffectXt.PiilusI tivt''t
'Il) 1)11 xii I i ttt tinlt udedit itp epX ntiiu
Xracking~eon r in it 
eakiiig ha Iil~us art'
AthitrIiler xp rment inli er 60~
Soybeand Weed mctrol l Adv ns l
teXtr'nt. ilrlXst'isshowti icigmtcal
tisatmernuli( t co sbt'e stXw'it X atiteds
2,4 mo ''stirffetivet Pas protstdutedt
appl Lroxmately 50+serfent apld itd as
jposttiirectteti spras adl .sstemn :3 Scuor
(pre), andi Paraoat + si rfac tat 
post directed. Sy stems 1, 2, and 3incrcased
yields 18. 17, and 10 bushels per acre,
resplectivey ov (Xer weed t(iXplots. Sitklcp odi
control ratiligs nmatie Anust 21 wxere' 100,
98, andl 89 petrce'nt, rl'splctiseix for
sx stenms 1, 2 and :3.
Blazer, at ness herbicide front IRohm and
Hiaas Co. is the first mlateial other thani
soil app~liedi heriideils to shIoS potentiail
against balloons iil(, at serious weed1( for
soy bean seed prot
1 
ncers. A single
appjlication of Blazer ( p,~aon per aco'"
aplplied postemergence over the top) to 3-
to I15-inch tall hail)l( o i ne hiants gase SS-8
98 pericent control. N\lultijpll appllications' at
lowe (r rates aiso we re (effectis e. Smshean
injuirs wa~s on015 slight. Sl1it l
niorningglors spet ils, heijij scsilalia, and
c~oiiiioni cocklebur ailsoI \url1 ctr~tolledl
1by Blazier sw ich tour IlX has an
exllerili i ttal lise pernit.
Alfalfa Shows Great Potential
AXlfalfa has shossn tremendiouis poteintial
as a high qu tali ts hay and1 siIag croII that
retquires nol nitrogen fe'rtiiation.
limprove ctotmmniercial 5varie'tie's hase
y'ieldltd 4 tO 8 tonl) pe~r acre iii trials 1ovIi till
State. Stands ouf adiaptetd sarietie's last 2-:3
tears ini the souithern part iof tihl State and
even longer furthe'r north. A 4-year-1111
standi at tht Black Belt Substation uiiiait
ovXer 5 tons pelr atre iln 1978.
Virus Resistance in
White Clover Sought
Esvitdence is accumuillatinig that s irises
are an implortant fattor in thet lack o~f
p~ersistentce (If sshite tilosver in p~astuires.
Serological tests (If w5hite tillse l'i during the
first sumnier after l'stablishiiilnt rex ealed
that 41 petrcen't (If the plants xwetre' iris
infetted. Pretiominant viruise's found welre'
pelainlt stunt virius, whilte tilove l'niosaict
viruis, and tillsver yetllow Still viruis. Afore
than onle ki ndi we re fouInd iii iii n inftl edt
p~lants. .An intenlsive hreeiig p rllgra in is
seeking to develop a virus rtsistant wh ite
clovXer for Alabama pastures.
Irradiation Induced Variation
in Centipedegrass
Exposing tcentipetdegrass seed't tol ganmma
radiation producitedt several slec(tions
which appear molrphloi gitally diistinc't
from "common" tentiped'(e. It wsas foulnd
that radiation treatment genierally
detcreased rate o~f grossth, stlon~l growssth,
anti stolon numbers. Se'sveral se'lecttiolns
showsed improsedi colld toleranuc in
laboratory tests. Thbe tietlopniint (If
nuimerous dlwxarfs p~resents tht po~ssibility
of desveloping a loss-groswing, dense type~t
centipedegrass for home lawns.
10
ANIM~AL AND DAIRY Largest 
liters were produced by crossbred
sows bred to Duroc boars in Auburn breed
SCIENCES comparisons.
Feeding Sows During Gestation
A 16 petrtcent p~roltein rationi w5ith s itaini
I': addtiI'l gave bes t resllts a I (( i g ge'staition11
rationhs toimparetd in Aubuirn tests. Slls
tfarrowed 't larger litters and had more pg
per~ litte'r at 21 (lass anti at sweaing thiaii
olthers ge'tting 12 petrtcent p~rote'in ge'stationi
ratioln resu1lted iii siginificanotly greatei
o lii 13' is at b)irth than frIom the1 16 pe(rceni t
feed'( ssithoult 5 itaonii 1' or the 12 pertcint
p~roteinl feed swith or wx tilllit added
Breed Affects Pork Production
IDuroc siredt litte'rs 55 r' significatli
larger at 21 (lasys aint at sseaning than swer'
littters siretd byx Haiipshire' aint Spolt b~oars.
C'rossbretd Dutroct-Landiracte and
significanltly larger litters (it) to I.5 pigs)
thlain purebrt't Lantirace sowss. Such
ti ifferences art iiOpolrtaint factorsi in
Improving Restructured Fresh Meats
Quiality oIf sectiloed and fo rmed p' o rk
chops ssas impjrovXetd by atdditioni o~f salt o~r
salt lus triplypvjhosphate. This treatmieint
improve (d flaXvor, jiciiness, textural
p~ropterties, and tooking loss ovselr re-
struttured chops containing no additisves.
Impact of Bull Performance Test
T[he Aubhirn prograiii (If e'5aliiatiiig
petrfolrmantce (If prospectiv e beef boils has
had a sizeahle impact on the State's
induilstrie's. TIhis is blest illuistratedl bs theo
pelrirmantc' traits siiitt thet prolgrami
belgan. Ill 1951, as'rge' tdaily gain fo~r till
I It)-(hi test peiodlt xsas 11111 1.94 plonis.
That as Irage iincreaseti tol 2.70f poundits for
tihl perid I1970)-76, an i rtei acihed at leak ofI
:3.12 pouiids iin 1977-78. Ave(rage' we ighlt
pe'r dlas of age' his imipr1oveld tIolrre'
sponiniigly, goiing from 1.93 pounid~ts in
1951 to 2.78 poundsI(1 in 1977-78.
Economical Growing-Finishing
of Steers
A cobinllationi sX ste'im lot grossing-
fiiiisiiig ste'ers plrodtuct'd high quai~lity beef'
at re'asonable tcost in tests at the Guilf Colast
Substation. D~ails gains as cragt't 2.0t
pounids folr 197 tias o lf graz'ing oli
rs e'-rs grass-cillsetr, folllowed't bX 2.4
jploills till duiring thle finishing p~hase'
ill a simiilar stiiti at the ILoss lr CoIastal
I Iailn SIui)station,1 ighi qu ali ts beef' s te'ers
we r1' readix fo~r slauighte'r at till end lof 21:3
tias 5olf grazing oli \X he'lt rye(grass tillser'
pastuires. Tihese' tattil' gaiine't 2.1) pouindts
pe'r liy, aind1 86 pe'rtcint ofI thetnm I (1 pro de
t. SfA C'hoite aiid (Goodt tarcasse's w5ith 011
Dairy Cow Feeding Comparisons
ligih prodtuciing (lairy ttows 5pterfolrmeld
as sweIll 11n a tcorn silage-tcointentrate'
ile'nidd ra tio coi t n tainOilng (dirs mia tte'r
basis) 50 pcen't conicentrate aiid 15)
pelrd'ent crudtet proItein as those receliXving at
60 pelr'enlt colncentrate'-18 p~ercent crude
pro Ite'in fe'lti. D ropIpi ng ei thecr cincettrate'
to 40f percenlt oir cruoie prolteinl tio 12 pelrctt'
cauise'd cows pelrfolrmance to tiecline.
ANIMAL HEALTH
RESEARCH
Internal Parasite Removal
The experimental dirugs Albendaz~ole
and~ F''ienbedazole sxere 95 pI'rcent
ef feetis e in remus\ ing gastrointestinal
netodesn~t" fromn cattle. In additinn
Auburnmm tests shonxx the dirugs sxere
effeetix e against lix er flukes aiid
tpel'xornus. These dhugs are tnt oil the
market at present.
Bovine Leukosis Under Study
Box ioe lenkosis, also referred to as
ix mipiinsarcoma or leukendia, is a disease
nf dairsr and beef cat tie. The xvirus
assoceiatedt wxith tihe dlisease (bin me
ieuikosis BIXA) infec'ts alplroimnat'ix 1.5
petrcen1t oif the cattle lpopulation, buIt only a
fess infeeted animals aetujallx has e clinilcal
signs oft tile (disease. Ff orts are in progress
to (determiine the mlodei of1 tranmlissinl of
the x irls, tihe factors mecluiireti for till' \iins
tn cauise the (disease, and~ the roie nf this
virus inl cattie diseases ntiher than ieuikosis.
TIests for (arix diaginisis of tihe disease are
iln the (' deeiopmient stages.
Wildlife Not Guilty
Culture~ studies soi far iindicate that
xxiitiif e is not inl~x 
1 
t iln transinittitigl
illix bil rumeeilosis to cattlte. Thiis is tie
tatrix finding from tests o)1 samles talkin
fromil 26 (differeint wxildliift' speieIs
BOTANY AND
MICROBIOLOGY
Soybean Bloom, Pod Losses
\lost of the p~otenltial soybeatnli 0id
inee tr gets past the hi
111111 
stage. ill Auhbui
stuie~is xx itl Bragg slix ilans, mo~tre tihan
ai)5tisseti tduritlg tidx ie~lopent. Most
abiss1511ills ocure asful lomorla
-a 
f
91
stages lot dils ilollleilt.
Onmlyit smalll numbner oIf filirai ibud~s
aihscissed. Ox er 9(0 pe(rcenit of pttenltiai
p1od~s onIl ternli racelI es ah scis set, ai
ilnore thain 6t0 p ecet of these xx ere ilst
tiuring a 1-1tday p)eriod in r11id-Aulgust
xx hen flowxerling reached its peak.
Treatmelnt of terminai raemles wxas
tried. using selettedl concentratiolns of
\AA, 1 iBA, and Benzladenine (BA)
ailne o~r iln combliinatilon. The tonly
treatinenlt toi gix e a sigllificanlt iltrease in
podts on1 1a~re vc'llt5 5 1 thet ighetst BAX
colnentrationi. FuIrther experimen'lts using
cx tlkiriniis are in plrogress.
Soil-plant Water Transport Studied
O)pportumnities fo~r stuitinig sVIater
transpoirt prtocetsstes in ipiaint roolts, stemsI
and leas es are greater wxith a llimped
circulit anailog (deveiopedi at Aubulrnl b)
scientists in Boltany anti ierobinlogy,
Agronollls ailt Soiis, andt (ix ii
Lllgineemillg dtepartlleits. (ireit
terils of phyI\siioliogicai xariaidis s ltiralic
elindilltis itles wa ter capacitiis, andt ceii
(lillelnsiois), %s hich1 call be illasulrte in the
lihoratirx .ii 'Ill( ulei has beten solli t(ito
piredict distrihbutiois of xx atier poteintiai as
tissuets o)f setet ceii thickekitsstes.
Stud~ies o~f s5 ater transiport ill lt'e siliroot
ss sti'in siupporlit a p~rex ious1 fininiig that
xx Iter floss froll roots to soil occuirs, hblt is
sirs loss. Inibliators of1 cell grossx ti has e
dif ferent effects 0on negative xx ater trans-
po rt, xxi th somle incereasin g tile mI agn itud(1e
of xx ater tran~spolrt and lothetrs cauising
cessationI of sxater fioxw frtom roots.
Rapid Screening for Aflatoxin
Aness iuetiioo for anllah ng cori for
aflatoxin- ties lopcd inI 1978 at tihe
Agriculturall F'xjo'rilllt't Station. llois s
iapid and11 atccurate scrteiilg oii samll es.
Ideintifiedi as FlIA thlt l'sx mietihoti is as
sests Mdacraea fi a A
s
'ix 
YA4
:4a
nxh]s chX 111il hiuI; Ic ss 1 ostly and(
tieri xatix e oIf aflatolxin that incereases thet
inltenlsity ofi aflatoinl B i fluiorescene
lilltlif lloromleter. 'I' is reduIctes the
inacculracies that IllN occur hby visulal
estimlation 01n TLC p lates5.
'I[he IA m ethlod b~reakthroulghl mad~ne
plossiblie dieitlopt'llt of a rapild screinlg
urtihkox r ( rLtiBS for iientift'oingoi
'alltoxn-tainiisei rate r tiun lli tilt'rn
chec'ks xxere labdit aflatoxin polsitis e,.
xx ilinas tihose that f luorese etiss thain thei
cec'ks xxere labeliei Ifllatoxin iutgatis I.
ill scrteening 1 7t0 saleis (If clorn, tile
FlIlBS mlethold xx as ilorie accurate tihain the
blacks lighlt test, mlislabling o(ld out'
samlelli (lontainling imolre tihan 201 P P h.
af latox\in comp~laredi to four b15 tile blacek
ligilt ttest. The 1)/acrk hgh It test false/ti
lahceled 47 samp/li.s (a5 contanaioted(
c IomparJed wIif/I ((1ly 14 falsi' posilii i's ithI
i/li IARIS strii'iiliig i1illo(. lihi sipeiti
imthod wxairranits its ilse' for largi'-sealte
screrttnlig (If corn~i lot af latoxin.
Good Control of Apple Sooty Blotch
and Fly Speck
and( fix sp)eck hlas beenil a p)rolemiof il bug
in 1975 shiixxt't thait capltafli pIsse'ssedt
remilatkahle aetix it' ill suppre~issinlg
spraxe( wt xith captafol had fruit ratinlgs iif
A 50 percent concentrate-15 percent protein
blended ration proved adequate tor high pro-
ducing cows (left)t a large portion ot potential
soybean production is lost because of bloom
abscission (center), and control of sooty blotch
and fly speck continues to get attention in
apple re'a rc h Iri 1111
" ~lk ~ '
f a +? ' . , ~
b".6 * ~
10' 
~-
11
al2 eisitlihed tt i iti ctIion IXxjt'il
commence'iit (hiring tie lt' u ig inicratinig
pliliitlion rathet' tlat it itiog .3-7 X ('us
afte'r pe(tai faiii is is g.eni(railX
SpraX tests condted lt since 1975 
hax e
XIIoXXn tihat sootX ihlotcih iitd fix spec'k 
can)
he1 r'ieucei to trae proportionls \N ithi cap-
tafol. Hiatings in 1978 wxere 0.9 and 0.2, re-
speetix elx, for soioty iltch and fix spiek.
MDM V-in fected Corn
Susceptible to Leafspot
Conttinuiiing laiboratorX stuieits 
hilvXe
cntiri d ett(l arliert linittt that 
con
inifected( XXith uti/t (IXXat) moitsaic 
x iruts
\hl)\I\) xxas trin' susce(ptihil' 
to
subsequenti'lt inifectioni x tin' lIfspot
itigils. Int adi~ltioni 1975 researeli
iniciate'd thiat thei Iuthguhs 
has gr'alter
cornt tihan oin itus-free corn. Th fun 
thgus
on Ml I \infected corn, bitt 
the spores
art' litrgtr andi. xx hl siubsequentlx
Iiocutlatedi intot healthx on (holt 
iltlXa higher
fotrmiatiotn, and~ form mortn te 
leiotnis andi
larger lesions thati do spor's otigitiallx
frt iX uns-free planits. Tis 
iicati that
more totai innetiltit anid apparetlx 
more
Xii tutu) itiotiluiti of the funigius 
is
p~roduied~ on torn thait is also inifectedl 
xx ithi
\II)\I\'. Stud~ies to (late ont tilt miechanisnm
for p~redlispositiotn anti ititteiititt 
potential
effects of \iI)\\ itnfettion 
in ecorn
inicate that certain tarlittix trates 
anti
ntiron -co'i 'ntaining etirtpttius 
tendt tot
accumulaiihte in inifectedi tissueis, andl 
thte
riiii lhe itixvedi iti thei incretaseti
New Fungicide for Pine Seedling
Rust Control
'I' exp~erimlentailx sttemic fungicide
ha x etona has provixed to he ex\tremeily
effeetix e in proteetinig southern pine
seedliings aigainst fuifrntri rust. Appiied as
at fohiar spray at a rate it1 0.5 iptound per~
acet bayletton proteted pine steedlinigs for
21 diays ftoxo ing appiicatittn anti
eradictatedi rust infeetions that octeeurred 
tip
to 7 (hixs prior to applicattioni Thlos, it niax
he potssrile to prtetct pinte 
see~dlings
th rouightort the furngils sporen flight 
period
(iatt Aprii to rti(iJorie) x it i a ttttai 
iof
three spraysx. This xxiii he ait considerahit
reducetion from the :30-S50 appicatiois 
otf
ferha nt eciirrently beint g uisid th rotughout
the Souttheast. The potssibility xotf 
tbtainiing
at labeli for use of this comrptound tin 
pitni
seediliin gs appea(~lrs pois inirg.
12
Pesticide~s and Soil-hon n
Plant Pathogens
Someit undtetsirablie initetrtctins bttxxeetn
pesticieis and~ siu-bornie pliant pathougenis
sinixxd up il in tests xxitli Iinlirgait 
Ittrna-
and iDD hatd lirttie effect itn 
Sc/tuojtirutt
rolf xii. t'\cep
1
t at exaggerated( ratts. l)BC(P
at ejtrix aieit fieltd lates stlaiiitid 
tite
dtionu of xcertiai initiais iiurl gr'alter
rnxeiiai growxth. DBCP1 xapi x 
stimuir
In lieli xttrties, retctrilit'tltt'( dotsages
otf l)1BCI'fotr eortroi tfniierttttisrt'stltci
Rlesulits shtX that 1)1(1 has xsonic
tund~exirabite sidit eftfetsx itn irts, lbut
thexe tfftt's alte nout ntece'ssail li protducetd
h\ other reltited lteliaticieitt'
Reltts tof tither xtuitiex (luring thlt xNear
intdicate that xex etai chlitriinatttd titrouder-
zertex potsse'ss reiiticitiai 
aetix itits. Sititet
xsuch is thet t'lraeitoruiliitlherit'is. are
uset(] as tttr rieciai futngicieitts alit itix
hiax e ptossiblte use for ciintrtil itf 
tittatutes
FISHERIES AND ALLIED
AQUACULTURES
Maintaining Aquatic
Resource Quality
Iliti t itat ii nteetdetd tti It iiti tile
qtNl ii)\aiharla's aiquatie r esourceis is
being githtre'd iin stuiet' tif piiaiikton
ti it tils t f " lits n it i nd
reltasinig oixygin tot tht sutrroiuning xx aters
feed tin frt'i li trg bacteria, phxttipliitk-
tieieilxs fooud fur Iiaix aquiatic 
tirga-
nismlt, inclirg x iuttg fishies.
orgarlismii dtiitificaiorn arid coutnts 
ii itit
xxithi tht aid if microl i oueiits andu tihe
estimtis xxr t b astil entireix lil ottganisttl
of) xxaters alsoi wer ili'stililltedi ittii 
tg
thet plantktonii or ganisms is tihx xx itre
coutedtt'tl i th impliiortanit infoitrimationii
til tiht ilit il i itti' e l S tlt I'ur of tite
phix l ti niukton iiei xxttain edl'i b lst' 
if at
ritiiaetix c earbontr tracer teclihipi'.
Fishing Chainges in
West Point Reservoir
A "boons"i fiiliitx i'd qicikix by a "bust'.
descrihi's largei'ituthi baiss fishirg tintg
the first 2 xtars tuf tiht \t est P
t
oinit
Rese'rvoiir . Thei abundi~ant iniitiai xNtar class
tif hass xx as tesponsibit' fttr suprliotr fishing
earlx itn thit lift' tif the 25,555-ale
ilihlt Itdlili lt I li gl ntult li littc antdtii
iteax N ftih iiirxest reutdi iii apohuilationr
structeti' tchargi' iaectrtiig tot Atihirnr
xatitnhling anid tagging stuittets. 'Tihi risitt
xx as at fising "tust" afte'r 2 x ears.
A stocking rate of 4,000 fish per acre with maximum 
dailyfeeding rare ot 50 pounds per acre was
I h iniltial stitili ug ,ti i k o (5554
lar gemiouthi bass,5 or 25.2 pounds,5 per acre
in \iigizst 1975 v IX t li reucd to (1.7
lai Lgemouithi bass, or 1.4 poIuidsl per1 acre
by \izguist 1977. 'i'otal )ielii froo tihe 1975
year class X\is 19.1 pound~s per acre, of
XX liicii 95 percent XX ha ii stell duing the
first Xear of iiii1)( iitiilt. 'Vtlill and
(cro) of 1975 largemouiithi bass b\ 8S.2
pericent (55.6 plercent nralll and1( 29.6
p~ercent fishinig) ili tihe first year 10nd 86.2
plercent fising) ini tihe second.i
Catfish Stocking and Feeding Rates
ProbilemsI XX ith loXX (IisX3IX el o\X gel ini
channelI' catfishl ponds( itncreased vv ithi high
feeinlg rates. Ini static pondsli XXithi no
suplemillentli or 11101 gelltX aerationI, i1
stocekinig rate of1 -4,000 fisih per acie Xwith ia
lltiullll (daiXy teedlilg rate of .50 p)ounds
per1 acre XXa m1o11st proflitable, ritiji lg
5712 pe acre. This c.omlpar Is XX iti .5410 for
2,(X))) fisih per acre andi :30 pounds11 feedi per
acre1 per (laX anti 5291) XXt S,000(1)1 fish andl
711 pounrds feed per1 daIX
Managing Ponds for Larger- Sunfish
tol reslt ini larger preiX spicies (suniflih) in
tile harve st. One siich procedulre uisedi in
Aubui~rn research is stocks~iI. 5- adulillt
largImouitih bassX XX ith I (XIII ihi.s XisIh
peracr in newX or recel renovaX ted
aire chiaracterizedi i)X iIIX IlX pry-rIedatoIr
iomalass ratio, wXithi 6(1 toi 5 percenlt iif the
fish ibein~g of iiarX staili size anti
pe(rcent (If tile toltal XXigh~lt oIt fish in tihe
Duiring tile first sitnrlIeir after toctkingI
1)11 illX avXeragedi greater than 0. 25
friont "bass-crowded pit opu11IlationsI canno~it
ihe ats great as froiii ponds XXithi ibalaincedi
popul~iations. Restrictinig thie harves W0 Xill
niiiitii greater Iluiilier (If largeuth
Easier Sampling of Fish Populations
AnI Auiburn-deeltoped meithlod of
Xampl~inig fish poplationls in tihe Xihoreline
area o~f reserv oirs oifferX accurate results
wXitii smal mnplIowXer inpu)It. It proXvetd its
wo(rth) ill estinmatinig the niimiber andi
stanin i g stock of iiouig of tihe year and1
44
z;,
.5, .,~
_.NZ
A sampling method that utilizes rotenone poisoning of a small shoreline area proved successful
(or gathering population data in a large impoundment.
adullt f ishes inl a lirge (25,935-icr I)
oif 01.02 acie XX aX Xuiroiundted XX ithi 1ilt htin
thei fis XiwXere po1 isonedi XXitih rotenone.ii i
faX orllI XX itih data friiii tie moilre
donlie ini lite summiler.
Appri siiateX 125 ites XXe samIpledi
iacih sear (1977 and 1975). The we XeklX
tol estimaite reproduictiXve siccess andl tittl
lit sp1iXXIiig for manili species Itl detrin re
huh ttlIXiltiats fiii tihose species, aiii tol
relate aiXaiiaiulitX of iprty species toi
shoirelinei prediators. Tle siiiipiiiig
tecihnique reiqiiredi onili two pIieopile aiid
lit tle sp etializetd eyipi11111)t, buIt ciolIlec ted
liioiie spei is each X ear tihan I X ene taken in
bX l\teivX and frettoeut electriofisiiing.It
estimaltes iuf fish popu1la~tion~s ini (iie XiiiIIIXX
areas.
Neu, Fish Diseases Identified
IXXwi preiouilly ontiesci iill fish
tisea ses -iiine aftfectin g glden i sh in ers arndt
the other at catfish tlisease- X ere studlied.
lht ilie affecting goltien shinlers is cauisedi
aN X virus, the "goltden shiner Xviruis." This
Xviruis causes at thronic hortality in golden
shliner polilts from Juine throulgh
Septemiber, resuiltinlg in at relatiXel lowIIX
mo~irtalit\s
Thit secondlt newX di~iss, ref erred to ats
"enteric septiceimia o~f catfish" (ELSC),
olcurs iin cuiltuired catfish. It has been
irip~litated iin 17 disease cases IiX r at 2-X ear
per'iod. ('SC is i1 diisease5 primalrily iof
fingerling cihannrel catfish XXhiere all acte
XX steiifeciitil iicciurs. Coiintriil if iS(
XXitii lerrai i ii
Catfish Off-flavor Removed
I'll(, Iiiidii iiff-f lavor that iiften
deXveliops ill pond~-risedi tatfishi XX 15
slucces~sfillX iilitii ed1 in las~t X(arXs Aubuori
tests. Citfisli XXiih intense iiff-fliavor XX ire
heldi ili clean, f IoiX jg XXater fiilliX ilig
reimovXal fronii aon lil v XXth a dens~e growth(i
oft blll-green algae (Xficroclistis
floc-aget) . After 4 daysX tile (1ff-flavor wXas
almosit go,I anid after S daXys in the
flowinjg XXatter it XXa~ noX d14(etectabile iby
sensoIry meians.
earth iiuItX iidoir, XX 31 isoilated frioii
off -fla' o r, pond-iiraisXedi fish and identified
as causing tilt probI1lm.
Fishing Benefits Economy
EcoIlinmic heneifits fromi fisiig oni the
WXest Pioint ResXerX oir XXere estim~atedl to
total aboult $ 1.7:3 miillioin annuallyX '['iis
translates toi $9.56 per fishlerman-day, $2.29
per fisbermoan-ihiur, or $7.25 pe pouiind oif
fish harX ested.
A roin ig creel sunr CX XXas ulsedi to co llet
informiatiiin on cty~~t of origin anid fishing
trip) expenlses fo r fishermen Xvisitirng \t (st
Point Reservoiir (diring its first tXXo fishirng
seasonsii. A use p~redictioln ililil XXas
dt1 lpe tXtO1t Xhichi explain1 ed 76 pe rcenit of
the variationi inl attendiance front
pa rticip)atin g couni Ities 1)n the basis if
counitX iippulationi sizes andi distanesX (if
counIties fo tnh e(i reser oir.
13
^~ _ii, fd l'. 71 71N E4
r4.
Six brans of feler-bunhers wer evaluaed on 1 loggin oe at du ngteyaw h
atetongivento teeszeslope, and grun codto ffcso eromne
FORESTRY
Classifying Surface Mined Soils
Re'xvcgeftti itt suirface' ruiiit'lianits
shltid le tmotre' stiet'sfuil iii ft'e 
fturiitt
thiaiks ft Aubuirni devlx e 'titclatssificaftioi
sysftis fhiat indcati' siu capabiliiets oait
ptenfttial for t'rttxion. Thle siu matt'riailx
elassifietitn, xxhich ci tnsidlti 
sili tt'xtitt'
xoil etolor x aluec, ouch siu aciictx, ptttx ide's
ineit antd fertilizc'r gidcs fioi fotraug'
pirodciftioni
Tw xx meicthodtcs are uist't itn elisstlx lug
suirfae' rintecd oreas for thetir irtisionii
pte'ntialo'tnte predlicts the~ re~latie c axi'
xx iti xx icli a itu oilitial xxiii utritce antd
ft'e tficr piirtfs totfal t'rtisittt tha~t ecan lit
texpec'ted xxwtitiut xtge'tation.u t'sulits
protxidet the' basis for dtecisionts regaurditng
regradinig, amiotuint tof muilh tto list' cduritg
rex'cgefa tcii antd Iplaemetctift if xx ater
dixvcrsitit strutfures.
Plywood Sheer Stress Evaluated
Ani tevaluatiott itt sfriuc'turtal piropertie's oii
stouthrnt x eiittxx pinicomptt~lted't at XAubiurnu
andh safer utfilizationi itf sotheirnt pinte
plywoxoitd ini sfrucitural tistes xxhere hiigh
shear stresses dec'xe'lop. Th'lir' prtij'f,
"roiliing shear,"' tof plx xwtood is ft'e shetar
sfressx that cdc'xelttps in ft'e curt' tir eross
hands tof piy oo xxt vtlxeneecrs xxithliflit' grain
pc'rpenicu lla r fti the' gra iii of tilt face
xv'et'er. The evala 1 ft in c'stilisheitd that
shear stresses perpendicular fto ft'e graitn
are sexveral times xxeaku'r thou tost'
paraill'l tco the graiut thierefotin, attx slitat
14
failurt' iniA xxk tti o ictirs itn thit crtoss p~lites.
lTe e'xaitiaftion xx as mrad uisitng fte motst
xxifettt~nitiiits.
Forestry Chemicals Cooperative
Serves Industry
Ch'icials Cooitperatix t is itiakinig
tefftectkx etrbicies~' availalec for fo retfrx
tist's. lesteri tundt'r this pirojeet miadlt
pitssilc thitst' itf st'xeral tlc'x hetrhicidtets
in 1978, rt'suiltinig in xxt''N e titiotrotl cist
saxitigs arid heil'iehr setedlingcs. Pritr fto
flis ftit', 
tforest 
nitrstries 
had rclited 
ithiliost
etitirtlx tin fumtiigationt, hand xx tecdinig, anid
minei'tal spirits for xx c onetrotl.
\\ ith st'seral fiorexf iduostries and
ceical cotlpatlies added fto
mi'tiht'rxlip itt ft'e Ctotoperaix e, rt'st'arci
has xee ex''ti'\prdetd fto itnclud e silxt il flt ra I
heiciet uses. Maor attetionit is hintg
conit ri i sit px c rep araft in arid rel'se xi'ndu
hitrbiaeouis wex c' onetttrol ftir pilattioi
t'stalishmt.iu Th e maior itljecefxt is ttt
ptrovxide ftirtest ianiagt'rs xx iti cotst
e'ffet'et hierbicides fto re'dte com'tip'etititn
anid itnert'ase xxo t pijrodultction.i
Feller-lbuncher
Performance Comparisons
Ptrodtd ivity' raft's fur ft xariouis
fe'letr-bhtreer miachiines, being dt'etvepe
untidetr dliffc'rent typlits tif loggitig
etonicitionts, shoutild proi e tc'xalutilei
inifitrm a ftin fto pitrcha sers tof fhese xc'opitil ar
mactohiniesx that shear trees an ti cl e the ittni
.x itht drix totree't ruhhc-titred( tx Ile (other
p' s ar i dtrtieto-iift' track-lax ing~
'iret'( \ pe, andc ,s\x ing-to-fret' track lax itig
xpc i') iriet andi produio stu ~ies* we tre
ake't ftor six ht~iiits on 1ll liigginig opeira-
rills Such emixiroomentttal iniflutietces 
as
wxere' recorded at'l ong xx ith cx cle' tithe tle-
'iit'its andc x olumte Iirocltued. I)iita
F'orest Econormy Ranks High
\ 1f78 stuidx iif the foirtest econultlti of
\ilatiina iitrie, the daixflt f urter~
iclicaft' that Alabamita's forest iticdistries
lii it initdustial sictfor illtheli Staft' B~asedt
oni fth'st da to, re sea rchers fioreca st tha thfle
forest inutis i s xxill he the largest
iiicltsti i sietti iti Alabaiia iin 4 ors 5xears.
Auther' piarf if flit sftidy is gathierinig
pirimanlr indtiatl data, throtugh a tnitalecl
it ft'e Staite's eciiiiitii Retsuilts alte being
xx ichtii xill alit xretstearchers, plannetrs, anid
dciesjiion itakets fto xxsttiiaficallx foireetst
hiiix pilanitted tehiiisliils ofiit i~jiir
iiclisfil actlixities xxii ll eet the Statte's
A liistiii of flit fiorest eeiini ofi Ala-
1)0111 s alsoi biing prepared.
More Productive Trees in the Making
fities sited fto idirx sandyi 
sites,
xxx tfguiti xxitli better tjualitx, andh pities
rtesistait tio Itiifitri rt sfate spitcif ic
objece's of fittest tree brteetding rext'areci
it icti x ax.
Althiough lontgleaf pine griixxs on
sex ittx li xo sites, laster grixx th xxul ittt e
titsitallt 'terefoire, at suibstituite is bteitig
siotght thrioughi intterspeeifie lixbridi-
zA titiin xxcrosig ltongleatf, slaish 
, Ilbtill,
anti shiortleaf. Marnx criisses hax e already
hieell ma11d(e, a111( tse (Tiossex xxili be tes ted
fo r tenfotmincitie unrd er v arying etindiitins.
Ini the sxxeefgiiti imiprtixemnent text, seed
haox tee itcol ileeted frin 16 ii i1 pa ret)t trees.
Stetetlings frtomi these seed xxill be tused toi
establishl an oipetn-piollinated progeny text.
Af ttr evauting, the prttgeny test xx ill he
ceiiixrftedc to ii setedliing seed toreha rd. TI he
uilftiiite result shoiultd he imipriixed
xxx iefgiitii for prodttueion as puilpxwoodit
cionstrucetioi xx oitidi arid dlimieniont
xx iitt imilpotirant eturrenit uses for
xxx itfgutn
Miethiods tof ttestinig pines for resistance tot
fuixiftirii rust arte bteing compared fto aid
dcx chip iexixtaiit litlt -lliiiatecl
yarictiex. An ef ficienit intethodc (If
idenitifyxiing rust reistaince ix ntieede tol
xelectt pairents xfor breed in g o pen-poi-
itated Ivxariect icx. Sin ce rexisxtan t treex caintilt
he reciognized bx xight, textiing for rexix-
taite is ntecexsarxy. Three txpes if testx
are uisedl, hot the vxxarx int reliabliit x andc
timie requI ired. (C(it)parn is iof tihe threec
texts are being (dile xxithi 11) selected
sl ashi andi hi1oll p111xaren tsx frim itt e s tatc-
xxide piine b~reediiig plrogrami.
HOME ECONOMICS
RESEARCH
Housing Satisfaction Related
to Family Structure
D ata frolmi the xoiutiherit regionI ind(1ica te
that famtilies xxithl femtale headx had liixxer
xciorex on~ s1ocio(econ1omi ic antc hoi)nxig
imeasuirex than male-headed or huixband-
x i fc famt iliesx Feein -hie ached famlie s
xxere it lch liiire like]lx to residcie it
sinmall tiixnls thaIn in ruial areax, int contraxt
to mtale-headed familiex. Comp~ared tol
tradiit ional itus band- x ife and imiale-h cadedc
fam ilies, femiae-headed fainihex ireportedi
lexs satisfaction 
xxithi type 
and xize 
Illmotid 
perne 
soaesae
anid roomit arrnlgeitt. I lolsehilds
hteaded lbx itles xx re lexs xatisfiedl xxith
xchool quiality and locatioin xxith resplect to
xxork, shopping, mtecdical facilitiex,
schols and chtirchex.
Ru11ral xsinlee)rxon li ous1 ehld we lxx rce
imtich hetter xatisfiedl xxith thceir hoinig
thani xxere their urinili couinterp~arts. Rural
single-plersoni familiex had higher degreex
of home olxwierxhip, rexideitce in
xintgle-fainmilx dwlxxlings, amid leitgth (If
rcexidecc. Urbant respo(ndlents cexprexsedl
high lex els of xatixfaction xxitht public
serxvices and housing loceatio~n.
Prolonged Liquid Protein
Use Questionable
Feeding a comititercial liqiuid plrotein
(ade from collagen) ax the sole proteiin
soutrce in an oltherxwise nuitritiolnallyx
adletumate diet to rats cauixecd diepressed
appietite and feed intake. Intake xxas
sufficient for mtaintteiance hut noit for
groxxth. Elexvated lexvels (If nonexxential
ainot acids xwere fond in the 1b1((od
plaismta (If tile rats. I a seconid expecriimenlt,
iliid proltein xxais comiitined xxith xvitamills
ainc minerals and fed to obhese rats folr 13
daxyx iin amotulnts p~roportional to those
suggested for htumtan contsumplltion. The
effects included rapid xxeight loss, slight
fattx infiltration (If lixers, and significant
redclttiolns in calciuiml levels int blood
Finish Affects Fabric
Soiling, Cleaning
Ty~pe of finish (durlab~le priess, flait
re ta rdlant, a nd b leacheda and scou red I xas
found to affect b)oth degree of soiliing andI
ease of sil rem oval from a co tton/i
polyester fahric. T he durable press fabric
picked up the most soil and the flame
retardant the least. IHowevcxer, soil
remoxval during laundering wxas lowxest for
the flame rexistant fabric and highest for
the dule dI press falbric. Water hardnesscx
and( typ of dcII etergen t ails) af feet ed so il
reinoxval. A high phosphate detergent
remnoxved the inost soil, esp~ecially xxhen
xxater hardness xxax hligh. A liquiid, no0
plhosplhate detergent reitto ed the leaxt
sil. C a rbonate antd S percet' phosph( x~la te
buiilt deter gents xwere intermediate. Ax
xwa ter ha rdlnexx increaxedixl remnoxvalI
dlecreaxedi.
HORTICULTURE
Proper Liming for Top Potato Yield
Liming potato soilsx ix like xwalking a
ti gh trope: there ix little im arginl for error.
Letting xoilx get too acid xlaxhex xyieid, hot
at 1)11 5.4 or higher the potato xcah
organixsm thlrixex. Groxxerx have
tradli tion i allyx main tainted Isoili pH blowh~x 5.4
to ax oid potato xcah dceelopInent. 1W00
of ten, hoxxevxer, xx idexpread use of
acid-forming nitrogen fertilizer hax cauixed
xoil acidit to reach the lexvel xxhere
production ix limiited. Thix can he eaxilx
oxverlooked becauxe plant xsymnptomx max
no t be ohbxiomux. lIop growxxth m ay look the
xamin on high ly acid and liiimed p loItxs, hut
tiuher y ieldx xxill he lexs on the loxx pH
plots.
Fiortunatelx, miiaximiutm xyieldsx can he
realized in the xoil pH1 range in xx hic~h
pota to seab) diocx ino t iuialh ox(cciur, so)
pr~oper liming paysx off in increased xyield.
At the Colf Coast Suihxtation on a Nlalbis
fine sandx lam soil m.inaximu iiytnxield
occurred at a xoil 1)1 of 5.3. At higher pH
(ill) to 7.0), xyieldx rentainedh the xaime, and
itore acid plots (doxxn to 1)1 4.8) made
lesx. In a 5-xyear xtudy in groxxer fields in
the Sand Mountain Area, maximum yields
xxerc at 1)11 5.3, and more acid soils had
xharply reduced p)rodutctioin. Liming xome
of thexe fields to 1)l1 5.7 or higher resulted
in common potato scah infections.
Drip Irrigation for
High Density Pecans
Iligh deiixitx pcani or chairds require
heaxvy early production to facilitate tree
size control. With high yields, x egetatixve
groxxth is reduced and pruning may
suhsequcntly he used to hold doxxn tree
size. llrip irrigation has been far superior
to sjIrlikIcirlllgalhoiui in iC omlI hinIlg thix
early produ ictioin-xmall tree xize.
In Auhuru textx, dipt irrigated treex
yielded 917 pountdx per acre in the xsxventh
gr(ox in g xs asxon. FrIoim xsprinklIer irrigated
treex, p~roducetion xwax 631 p)ounids. 'I'ncc
xize uinder drip irrigation xxax only 62
lpdrcent that (If xprinkler irrigated treex.
Nut xize and kernel filling iuitcer dipt
ma tced thlat o~f sprin kIer irrigation.
New House plants with Chemicals
\exx aind iinterexting hnoixeplantx cain he
createdl hxy uing growxxth inhlibitiing and
xtimulilatiilg chemlicalx. A tall, tropical xvine,
('C rod( ncruni thomaosonioe (soulthern
bleeding heart), xxas conixerted to an
attract ixe, comniact, u iprigh t plan t byx
treating xxith chemticalx to retard thle
pani t'x xining hialbit. Prciin a rx texts xxith
cacti indlicate that chemicalx can lbe usxed to
ineasxe and hasxten p lan t Inrod1ucti on and
floxxering (If thexe xloxx-groxxing pllants.
Chemiicals wxh ich haxve heen uisedl
suiessxfully tol stimiuilate branching oin
plants such ax azaleas are alxo beig texted
oni pl an tx like dicf fenhacl lii, xxhinch do no(t
branch freelx, tio create a dlifferent shaped
pllant.
Tissue Culture Propagation
of Cucumbers
A "clonting" process~5 is provXiing xucesxxfiul
in the Aubulrii cucumbiier breeding
p)rogram. The xxystem permitx plropagation
of large ntumbi erx of dlantletsx fro s ixngle
gx inIecioux (all femialIc) planats sel]ected in
the hreeding process. Tlhe p~riceduire
coInsists (If growxiiig axillary buds in test
The compact, attractive appearance of the
plant at right, in comparison with the normal
vining habit at left, illustrates the effect of
growth inhibiting chemicals on the southern
bleeding heart.
ia
s~k
d5 .. . , 1 dD-x. Qw ii ',e nme required under normnal rnethod, using an Auburn
developed method. This hen is in about the mid portion of the molting process.
tubes on a med ium inom pletely ba lanced ini
nutrients and growts hilormtones. Oncie
roiots and top~s are estab~lishedl, the young
"test tube plants" are transferred to soiil in
p)ots wxhere the} grows to mnatuirity. Before
they p~roduice flow ers, some of the plants
are spray edl with a plant hormone,
gibberellic acid, to stimulate stamninate
(male)1 flowsers on plants niormalix
producing p~istillate (female) floxxers.
I and pollinations are miade and seed
pirodluced to continiue the breeding process'
of selection and inbreeding. WXhen lines
bave reached uniformity after sev eral
years, they are then used as the female
patrent in prod uction of gx noecioux
hy brids, the pimuary type) of cucumber
used in commercial pickle p)rodumction.
Good Crops of Fall Tomatoes
Fall prodluced tomatoes resp)onded
faxvorahly to trickle irrigation anid liquid
nitrogen last yea r in cooperatixve
Agricultural Experiment Station-
USDA-SEA research. Irrigation increased
marketable x ield 20,000) poiunds 
per acre,
nearly (double the p~roduiction xwithout
irngation. At the 120-pound N rate per
acre, marketable y ields ranged from
20,460 pounds per acre xsith dry
ammoniuim nitrate and no irrigation to
50,490 p~ounds xsith trickle irrigation and
wxeekly apptlications of liquid nitrogen.
Methoids of applying N also affected
production. Applving 120 p~ounds N in
trickle irrngation ssater in txwo applications
increased yields 8,400 pounds per acre
oxver the same amount of N_ ap~plied dry
mix to the soil. Dividing the N into eight
weekly applications in the irrigation xwater
increased yields 2,850 pounds oxver the txwo
app~lications. Irrigation also increased the
p)ercentage of large size fruit (71 percent
vs. 45 percent) and reduced percentage of
cull tomatoes (15 p~ercent vs. 34 percent for
nonirrigated ).
16
POULTRY SCIENCE
Feeding of Broiler Breeders
In a coinparisoin of full feed and xvariouis
restriction lex els, broiler breeder lhens that
receiv ed the highest lex els iof feed had the
loiset fertilitx and hatchabilitx
percentages. heaviest egg andl chick
xxeights, and~ loxwext qualitx eggshell. Tlhe
one excepitioin xxax fertilits of eggs
collected during the 6-xxeek prductionu
p~erliod it shoxxed no effect fronm feeding
regimes. Hiens xxere artificiallx insemi-
nated at 6, 14, and 27 xxeeks of p~ro~duction
wsith eggs collected for 9 daxys after in-
semination for determination of ration
effect. Feeding regimte did not influence
duration of fertilitx for the first 9 daxs
after inseminiatioin at the 6-wxeek pmo-
duction p~eriod hut did at the 14- and
27-we ek perio~ds iof pro ducmtioini. Feritility
and hatchability declined among all
treatints xxith adxvancing age oif birds.
Restricted fed hens exhibited higher egg
production, better shell quality, lowxer egg
wxeight, loxwer feed conxversiont, andl losser
body wxeights than full fed hens. A peak
feeding lexvel of 145 grams (about .5
mUnceS) per hen per day' xxax sufficient for
single-caged broiiler breeder hens.
Forced Molting Effects
"11h increased egg p~roduiition normtally
obserxved after a forced molt in WXhite
Leghorn hens can be attributed largely ton a
decrease in the incidence oif shell-less eggs,
not to a change in ox ulation rate. In Auibuirn
tests, broiler breeder hens xxere
successfully force molted in cages in as
little as 6 wxeeks. This compares wxith 12
wxeek s norma lly e xperienuced in
commercial floor raised broiler breeder
hens.
The thymms of chickens xxas found to
regenerate, as exidlenced by increased
lympn
1
hicx te cointenit of the thy mic cirtex,
dluring a forced molt 'Ihix sest
poissibility of exteivxe immuiinoliigical
Efficiency of Solar Energy
Solar energy supplied appriimatex .50
percent onf the energy required for broiler
p~roduictiion during wxintermonths. 'lis
xwas true xwith both tinned tube conxvectors
and heated concrete slabs dlelixverinig the
heat. In early spring abiout 85 perceiit of
neieded energx xwas suppli1ed by xsolar,
xwhile solar wxas adequate fior all needs ini
late spring.
Ini the test, broilers xer rc1ooded using
finned tube conxvectiirs c(isered xwith a
hov er, heated concrete slabs, finned tube
conxvectors xxith fiorced air ointo the tubes
to iproxve hiot air disp ersioin, an mvlxertical
xwall coillectoirs on the sunnx side of the
building.
Fall ciomplarisions shiixxed that the
com b inati(on of wxall co llecto rs and f orced
air xwith fins had the loixwext auxiliary heat
ciist, $6.501 per thoiusand birds, Using wxall
collectors wxithout fiorced air xxas
intermedliate at $8.50 per thiiusand, wxhile
the finned tubes alon e reqiirid $22.35
woirth of aumxiliarx heat per thousand hirds.
Blood Group Alleles and
Disease Resistance
The Auburn immunogentic labora-
tory 's collection of about 70 alleles (and
their corresponding hemnaggliutinating
reagents) of the B hblotd antigen locus
of the chicken is the largest collection
oif material affecting a major
histocoinpatibility locus in the xxorld. The
uniqueness oif the material and the large
number relatixve to other collections wxere
emplhasized by an extensixve series of 1978
Auiburn tests compin~aring idlentithes of
Auburn material and those submitted by a
C'occidia Life Cycles Altered
It was piirex ioti'l\ kiu XXin that soiii e 1
alleles affect 'OX cral kili(], of iimiiune0
iI'XliuiiX1'' ad tiie lireset't corIk iiiakes tis
ilt Icainglx clear. 'Ihc Aubunrn collectionf
rese\arch, since it is~ rich in 13 ,lleles'
at fectinig hoIth resistanice and( siiscptiihilitX
\ll) and HS13.
Vitamin C andl Tumor Regress~ion
agenits, iii1XXIX dose ( oII f ascol bic ad
(\ itaiu QI haX' bee usedi il~l i attet'ilts fto
iuiduicc tumior regression.i Thei fcX rep)orts
aX ailhd inidicate that certaini tXpe ofXi
tumiiors regies ('X ith ascorbict acidI
IO('i.athitrapiX . 11(\N CX cr this (did not occur
inl Aubu)Irn research.
To deterinie tihe niiodt of action1 of
tiliaii mtt i ialignait c utures it X i
(hOsC] to anoingc coci ntrtions rei
ac~oriiacid. "I'ttg ascrl ic a id
mai~lignntan nulionr-galsignant cells, t i)('
toncuded tt iitumor egresion\iiiXf.
II3DV Affects Chick
Immune Response
lonng \\ hitt' Leghioin chicks inted'
XX iti inifectionsi ihlrsal disetase' (IBI)) had
reduicedi protction fiot \CXX cait],
diseaseC Xacciuatioti iii \iuurn tests. lhe
chicks, wh ich wer rc ('\li('l iii itllX
infectedi XXith J131)\ at hatching or at 3
wee'ks (If alge and XX hlich had( no0 miaterniallX
(icriX cdt aintiboies to IB ,3) shioXXed
depressed~ antibody response~t to NcXX castlie
vacciiiatioii at 4 XX eeks iot age. Te irds~
alit had1( greater XliscCptibilitX tot chall'nge
XXith viruilent \XX castiC. Iifectioii tot
non-I 131)\ imuiliii chickens X ith I Hi )\ at
hatching, but not at 3 weeCks, also
depIressedi the anitibodyX respIonsXC of
chiickensX vaccinated at 18, :30, or 42 wXeeks
(If age. I oXXeCXer, thcreX ,\ ,ii notefet on
thie Xisscptibility of thosXe birdsX to
chal lenge XX ith v iri ilnt N wcX CtIC X accine.
Prior exposuire to 1131) dlid iiot al~ter
dIisease resistance affotrded af hird byX
NewXcas~tle v accina~tioni at 18i, :30, or 42
wXeeks (If age. I IOXXe X r, I 1M1 iiiftct iii at
hatching d id rendecr cickenus tihat XXr cr t
v accinaltedl against NewXcastle miore
susceptible to challeiige XXithi iruileit
NewXcastle X accine at 21, 33, or 45 XXeek,, of
a ge than unv iiXacci nateti birds ei thier inlt
infected XXith IBl)\' or infected at age 3
XXeeks.
iiid charatriticX (If lahltratorX strainsX of
ma10ximia) havX t been alccompiIliXsied lIX
sxX ('ral generaltionsl of selectioni for shoit
bcui redc~e bI stCl1 horteing tile eindo g-
enous (O c c tI of each spec'ies, and1( in-
creased~ biX lengthening tilt cX cles. Bo thi
iguiiticliltIX (litfferent fromt the otrigiinal
Attbiiii laibtrattrX for XCXcrail X eals \ ot
The Auhiri
blooduit~.
ii,, arc II. ii 'lit I
iXIll itt kit h i/jXX fX tie inlahl httcrso p u
cotctiia iti'tt( (ot thXat thX irpthent
petrio il/id ltX triII t iiX time oftiX) t flhieti
Xi i'(tatttottE.imitits(i iii,1t3 of 2t1 fatii ott era
thlaiaire\ (tiouluii repotied aeX was nfc
coinp of hX to tatofi.i cu'Cn 'iI'nX t
collectton of alleles and their corresponding hemaggititinating reagents of the B
n c us of the chicken is the largest I ollectioIn of such material in the world.
J
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Auburn researchers found that drugging wild turkeys with alpha chloralose tends to cause less
stress than trapping when capturing the birds for blood sampling.
ZOOLOGY-
ENTOMOLOGY
Pest Control and Cotton Maturity
J)eiaxe ec rop iiatiirit iiften causes'
problemsX for ciottoni ipriililclrs.\iit onl
can it reduce proucitionl inl tile sho rt-
season )I regio n oif nolrth Ailbamad it aliso
causes increased boil XX ex ii pressuire the
foilowing x ear in central and soiith
Alabama.
evaluai~ted duirinlg till plast :3 Fer at the
T'enniessee V alley Siubstatiion. lii 1978, a
prel lint incorpoi ratedi an d pos i~t-di eted
ad d lecreased N icl. lsoii tihe hieriie
hugs~t oir eari\ pianitinig didno apf lwar' to
increase mtnulritX our \ field sigtlfictlX
Lack o~f piatnt huig effec'ts a lhIX iaX e
reflectedi tihe iiiX popiationsi ofX i that
ins~ect. Blli XX lOX ii populaiitiiini wereI tool
18
Safer Drugging of Wild Turkeyvs
Di igrgitlg xc i Id turkex s XX itli
ai pha-clo rals s ~ houlid caus lXess st ress
thlai trappin~g tol capituire for bilood
samiintg. In 19777S tests wXithi till
chllimical giluiicose ie\ eciX X\ cre XiguutficarltiX
iloX er ini the treated birdsX on1 three iof tile
fouir driuggiing dates itn Fehiua iar nd
Mar~ch, alld plasmiia cilrticllxtcriinil XXas
siginif iddltX ilXXv cr oni tXX oi of thet (laIXs
lion' XXIII' nil differences in ll'iiiitlll wif ii
I~aii li ls oi f cholesteruol ior toital iriotuii
I lmogloiilvl wt' Xas signlificantX higher
Insect Causes Soybean Lodging
attfacks if the three-corinered ailtla
g.irdlintg actionl of the' itimiatuirl' stage
IIX tiiuli) as. it circles. the platnt juist alilX I
till grounlid XXle
1 
Xlikitlsa 'aI ihi'. girdlintg
causesI callusX formaiition~ atnd igilltlX
XX l'lklil till ',tmt. LaIter, raitn adl XX iil
XX ill iiica~k till steeii at till irdle pinit andl
tilt plant xcill fail IXer. Thie result is
\nulilclr adl Fuiradatn apliidc at lanltiung
reiuiced girdling and( lodigitlg inl 197 tests.
Neu, Approach to Insect Control
J)ifliiln'irrin iiffers it tiltalh ill'X
lilt oach to inselct conltrl. It is essenrtialkX
iIX ili Ill ini foliiilg tihl ioutcr shell1 ot
inseclts, luld thus. c auses' moirtalitX XX hin till
a'u'kiuig practicai field raltes ill 1978 tesXts
XXit dflubl enuiili/ll 11 surriinig loiXX rautes
(0to i 211 ounices' per acre) XXIcr effec(tiX
agaitist sxaIl des'truictiveI ins~cts, on1
stalges ofi ins.cts, indicatingt. thlat ('arX
htilltiI'tt inl till fild uiiighit rcirell IX Il
IoXX ii rates'.
4
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Woodcock Populations Checked
Some (:5 Ncocc ttt ci1e t{hxxi shledit
dulinbg 1975 v isits to :37 Alaltatta counttties
tottal ttunteidtt~ toia it te ofi ?.2 27 d~ pe1 lxf
hiotr of search. 'Ilite xxer it times andi
places xxhere wxoodcoctk xx ire c\celtittil
dtlix ahundanttt and1( ixs imio as 50 of
the game birds coutldi hi fleshed in at
(lix. At othier tilles sxueal houtrs wereii
spiint int wxhat appeared('( tot hie goodi habitat
x oodltoth (luritig tlh huning seaston xxiei
hutinitg dogs in 1T coities lociated 16
xx oiodlottk biroods aitl -1 actix c tests.
Pine Engraver Beetle Predator
heedling habits ofi lIasroutttios pjtoxillU s
(onet of the (ttlettptttt) suiggest this beetle
as at poissible ptredator cotro l agent tin
pn (ligrax er beetles. In thte lalutrttr\ L.
ttiul iwxx Ix hatcedt i x ae: laittnstar
larx ae readilx fed oni 11i late-inistar larvae
andi puae Also, adutlts fed, sitrx ix d, and
tix pttxtedl eggs hatched, arid larx ae de-
clopied tot adutlthooid oit grotittd phloemr
miediumit. Dexvelopmttentt frontt egg tot adult
tookt :35+ diax s.
Int the field, . pu)Osi adltt artrixved at
freisl felled ptine shout tlx after thet
attackinig ipxs Adutlts app~ered ini ips
ga~lleries onlx after tunnirilinig had
turigressed to the egg-nichte stage. Larx al
d ex elo pmien t otcurred Iii Ips gall eries, but
nit puptae xxr eve fount titd int lim inifestedi
utateial. Ihe oilx pupae itbsirx id xx cre
rctis ii' ft~n ithi milii k- ith mt htfid
petit
One of the Coleoptera beetles (Lasconotus
post//us) may have potential as a predator
against the pine engraver beetles, such as the
tps beette shown in the inner bark of an
infested pine.
Scalec Resistant Euonynr us
Spretad intg e oto x nruit xx t tig e
ittitix titi and xx itnter cepeiltit e itii us
shttxx d goodit resistanice to inu ettti is scale
ini \tilitrt xaitx ciotpatist is. 'I liii
ex itgt tit ettittu huts xx as utitih mtoire
susst eibiut to a tttac k bx this sctle inseet.
are dlesited.
W~hite F'ringed Becties
on Suetpotatoes
The xxlute ft iniged heetle, Gut,
1
titti'uo
crotps, has iteti spit aiitg itot nexi at tax
oif Alabamua ttn tictnt xears. Sxx tpuottt
prodution it n itt entral \lahattia xx as
I articti an x af(feeted in 1977, sii ctilttrolI
texts xxr ietstthlsiet itt 1978. Gratnular
ftntfits, carli i anitd aduearb gaxve
sattsfactont x etrol. Altdicarb xx ax lexxs
effeetixr a ginst theri stil insxects, siuch ax
\x ircxx tirms.
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hosted ote or3 r fi ld d ullleiti dnill 197l
iiir;a i ,tii i tio he ir re i lt of l 4 t t i in thai
andtit dincs tsicific nIaliiii xxbef kithi
totrAgirtial of3 il dayrriitti tatlid aiia
Pblctios rpoting* rsuts ofd rculturalt
Experente Ston renptsarht reavilable to
ofarmetrs proftesoa agricultral wokersc
andi othrscuhtuan Fxserthen inoration h
The Printed Word and Other Media
iie XulptI r~ac iclded/t prining. itit
dittlxixnl t iti ofithticl irtil fx Jl im eit
tationti~ pxuitinsi xprodce drinitg i
Iii t i f ito tl l44 ith 15 ,0 copies
Aubuirn se ice, at ntl 292 titl~ttital atrticles
Aitt I it li itx il ul Staio fii iii111 t
liii 1i irx se cuit tutiri stoi
disitd jtortix s11wr) agintesd
xpectt x iu blh itiicaiioix an ai fair
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AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS AND
RURAL SOCIOLOGY
Crop, Livestock, and
Poultry Management
Changing Role of Selected Agricultural Credit
Agencies
Development of Models for Evaluation of
Credit Worthiness of Agricultural Borrowers
Efficiency of Identification, Assembly, and
Transportation of Cotton to Mills and
Export Outlets
Evaluation of Irrigation Potential for Alabama
Freshwater Food Animals
Supply, Pricing, and Marketing Alternatives
for Cattle, Beef Systems in the South
Characteristics of Liquid Fertilizer Users
Regional Resource Allocation Model for the
Livestock Sector
Marketing
Alternative Structures for Increasing Efficiency
in Inter- and Intra-regional Grain Marketing
Systems
Marketing Performance of Selected Milk
Pricing Systems for Southern Region
Price Discovery and Informational Flows for
Major Agricultural Commodities in the
Southern Region
Short-run and Long-run Demand for Broiler
Meat
The Status and Relation of the Coastal Zone
to Alabama's Economy
Organization and Efficiency of the Fruit and
Vegetable Production-marketing Subsector
in the South
Development, Production, and Marketing of
Christmas Trees
Resource Use and Planning
An Econometric Analysis of Variations in Rural
Land Value
Effects of Investments in Recreational Re-
sources on Income and Employment in
Barbour and Marshall Counties
Efficient Vehicle Routing and Scheduling for
Agribusiness Firms and Public Services
Estate Planning for Farmers
Financial Management and Farm Growth
Law for the Alabama Farmer
Rural Development
Defining and Achieving Life Goals
Implementation of Continuance Planning in
Outdoor Recreation, VI
Public Services and Economic Development in
Rural Communities
Social Organization for Development of Low
Income Rural Counties
AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING
Cotton Production
Cotton Plant Water Potential as Influenced by
Various Tillage and Traffic Practices
Engineering Systems and Energy Needs for
Cotton Production
Farm Machinery
Automatic Direct Digital Control for Steering
Tractors
Determining Farm Machinery Reliability for
Southeast Field Conditions
Fish Production
Freshwater Food Animals
Grain Quality
Grain Quality Inspection Systems
Irrigation
Evaluation of Irrigation Potential for Alabama
Nut Culture
Factors Influencing Vegetative and Repro-
ductive Development of Young Pecan Trees
Poultry Production
Reproduction Performance of Artificially
Inseminated Broiler Breeders Maintained in
Cages
Selected Environmental Factors on Feathering,
Skin Lesions, and Growth of Broilers
Utilization of Solar Energy in Poultry
Production
Environmental Influences on Poultry
Soybean Production
Herbicide-tillage Interactions on Soybeans and
Soil in Monoculture System
Waste Control
Animal Waste Treatment and Recycling Sys-
tems
Conserving and Feeding Crop Residues
Evaluation of Wastewater Reuse Lagoon
Systems
Process for Making Animal Feed from Waste
from Cattle in Production Units
AGRONOMY AND SOILS
Beef Production
Beef Production on Selected Forage Systems
Developing Pasture, Hay, and Silage Manage-
ment Systems for Cattle
Cotton Production
Evaluation of Cotton Varieties and Strains
Dairy Production
Energy and Protein Levels in Silage-concen-
trate Blended Rations for Dairy Cows
Evaluation of Phalaris and Phalaris-ladino
Clover Pastures for Dairy Cattle
Environment
Classification of Coal Surface Mine Soil
Material for Vegetative Management and
Soil Water Quality
Fertilizers and Organic Wastes Applied to Soils
Forage Crops
Chemical Profile and Nutritive Value of Forage
Genotypes
Forage Legume Viruses
Plant Germplasm Its Introduction, Mainte-
nance, and Evaluation
Productivity and Quality of Phalaris, Annual
Cool Season Grasses, and Legumes
Grain Crops
Grains Crops Variety and Experimental Strains
Testing
Plant Breeding
Breeding Phalaris and Tall Fescue for Im-
proved Winter Forage Production
Breeding White Clover for Persistence and
Yield
Genetics, Breeding, and Evaluation of Sericea
and Vetch
Soil Chemistry, Microbiology,
and Fertility
Availability of Residual and Fertilizer Phos-
phorus
Conservation Tillage-fertility Practices of
Vegetable Crops
Cotton Production by a Conservation Cultural
System
Diagnosis and Correction of Manganese and
Molybdenum Problems in Legumes
Distribution and Significance of Mineral Com-
ponents in Alabama Soils
Effects of Soil Acidity and Calcium on Soil
Solutions and Yield of Crops
23
Fitoi :Affeting Plat Niitriieit xes fllfitieex
N ill Soi Proile il x Xfee i tt
No-ltill ox l3(oductio asieiAffetedt hNI F'ti-
l ition ii xolthx liit
R latiosips ill ( ft ilit1 im in 
Soils
Iit Iru of ,Cx ott ,iii~mtl , lila oh( r toi
L irn el andFrilzt
ole of i triau tio niiosi Nto
SoilPhtylics
Sobeancerdu
M liniili ll an H enio o\ at e andi i Solues
iln \ece So thr R ld ei Field St]oi li
Purfrane
\ semstti
Vegbeabn Product on
Weed Sciewnce
Ho ut igidetilag oIterctif n on Soedxn
and oil X i uni in Glnclrai strgh
Bretingiii (. _ielilxo Xt~ iiiitiii i
S oFetilit, aox Fle rxtil:i r H i ree o
EBrioti ad ntro of X eexo lr x igLi
Soybeax n sxhe
ANIMAL AND DAIRY
SCIENCES
Animal Health
I iltiti ili Mlatitix Coniti ol
Daiil s ( oN s
Breeding
Brttdiiig Meithtods foi Beetf Cttle ill thei
Sothr Reii i igioni
Efets of HBnied iiid Breetd Crtosses on Mlill,
Httf I Iti t
ixtliiitioit of Crostsbitti Betf Cattle
G;enifil liiiiixtiitiit of Tflit iit it flit
Perifoihlmance Itxstiiig of lirttxpet e Sies
antl Sxx ili
xi~ I'ic iof IFirm :ima hls
Ii oxx iiii aiid Finiiihiig Stokx attl ion te
Sftetr in NorthiAlabtiima
Ii xx iii antd Fiiinlg Sx xtemis fioi Steers int lit
Fliat ioni of Haiti ii I li iiil litein iifi
fitpleit fo Cattlifi~ilexSitflt itig
Forage Production
Ilflariitahliftul an Aceablit y tf BieiMg S li
liioduiet I indei Fotrage andt Fo ragt-graini
Mlanagemit 'ix xtiii
Graing Maiiagtiiitf iLow-ixxtaninl Stricea
antI Alfalfa
Stier litfrlitnhiiit oin KY~31 Tall Fexscue
Paixture as Affete b\I i Sils
~%~' -I
.1 ~
~;#~>A i".i~ K
Compi~arton tof U'rea and Soxybean Meial in a
Silage-basetd Compiliete Ieed ftor D~airx
(>txx
Liffet o f I tx el and QualIifxty tf Priotein Oin
L actatitti iin (Caffl
ix alnrttitii of lihcaaix antI Phalanx -latliiut
(ii ix ir Pasxfiures Itor I ain rxCattle
Rilaititxships bttxx eel n Baterial Qualitx of
R3axx Miilk anld the Siibxi quentI Pasxteuiz etd
Miilk
Hiufftretd IDietx ftor Di)rx Catt C onlined Oni
Conciritt
Feeding
ff et of Feetding Sxsxlemli antd Aiml Size on
F~fiieeit tif Heel Produciition
Cheicalj Prof ile anid Nutritive Vaui e tof Forage
Cienoitypes
Entrgyt and Piroteini Lexels in Blended D airx'
ilati ons
Gh ;l eogentxix antI Ain Acitd Mtabotlismn
Retlatioixsiip if Nucic AcXitd and Pli o nilixttii
Contnt to Gi ((xth tof Musc xle o f Hef (atItli
The Chtictl Natuirt iif Possible lToxicihx
iiifectioni of D~rinkiitg \\ ater Coutininig
ihre Qui itatfixe tRelatitons hip Betweeit Het
-Xiatnt hic Hix ah est
Mtabotlic Hiile tif I'nit Atitd Hibositde and
Dairy Production Nutrition
lit,
Relation of Digestive Enzymes to Growth
of Pigs
Relationship of Diet to Cholesterol Concen-
trations, Pool Size, and Turnover in Protein
Content of Rations
Oxidation and Conjugation of Carcinogenic
Hydrocarbons in Marine Animals
Relation of Feedlot Performance and Physio-
logical Responses to the Metabolic
Meat
Factors Responsible for Tenderness Variation
in Meat
Livestock Waste as Animal Feed
Processing and Marketing of Commerically
Cultured Catfish
Waste Management
Animal Waste Treatment and Recycling
Systems
Conserving and Feeding Crop Residues
Evaluation of Wastewater Reuse Lagoon
Systems
Lagoon Waste Management and Recycling
Systems for Confined Dairy Cattle
Processes for Making Animal Feed from
Waste from Cattle in Production Units
Animal Health and Food Safety Aspects of
Feeding Animal Waste
Ensiling and Feeding Value of Packing House
Waste Products
Evaluation of Hemicellulose Extract as Cattle
Feed
ANIMAL HEALTH
RESEARCH
Cattle
Bovine Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms
Which Affect Virus Replication and Respi-
ratory Tract Disease
Hereditable Immune Competence to Internal
Parasites: A Means of Predicting Resistance
Neurology of the Reproductive System
of the Bull
Pathogenesis and Therapy of Intestinal Para-
sites in Calves
Persistence of Infection in Calves Born to and
Nursing Brucellosis-infected Dams
Relationship of Anatomical Conformation of
Feet and Legs to Lameness Diseases of Dairy
Cows Confined to Concrete Floors
Reproductive Diseases of Cattle
Transmission of Brucellosis from Cattle to Non-
ruminant Wildlife Mammals
Poultry
Relationship of Blood Pressure to Blood and
Aorta Tissue Lipids and Atherosclerosis in
Turkeys
BOTANY AND
MICROBIOLOGY
Biological Control
Biological Control of Selected Arthropod
Pests
Diseases
Ecology and Control of Soil-borne Fungal
Pathogens of Forest Tree Seedlings
Biochemistry and Physiology of Cronartium
fusiforme on Southern Pines
Ecology and Control of Fusiform Rust on
Southern Pines
Viruses and Mycoplasm-like Organisms
(MPLO) Causing Diseases of Corn and
Sorghum
Viral Diseases of Selected Grasses: Identity,
Control, and Role in Predisposition
Rhizosphere Ecology as Related to Plant Health
and Vigor
Soil-borne Pathogens of Peanuts, Their Com-
plexes and Control
Disease Control Systems for Peanuts and
Soybeans
Plant Diseases in Relation to Forage Crop
Breeding
Forage Legume Viruses
Epiphytology and Control of Apple and Peach
Diseases
Epiphytology and Control of Some Diseases of
Peaches and Apples
Epiphytology and Control of Scab and Brown
Leafspot of Pecan
Activities of Nematicides and Fungicides on
Non-target Soil Nematodes and Fungi
The Effects of Seed Treatment Fungicides on
the Rhizobium Host Infection Process in
LDB Legumes
New or Unusual Plant Diseases in Alabama
Peanuts
Implementation of AMI Method for Deter-
mining Peanut Harvest Dates in Alabama
Fungal Spore Germination Inhibitors and Stim-
ulators Associated with Surface Waxes of
Peanuts
Fungi and Mycotoxins
Ecology and Taxonomy of Some Alabama
Fungi
Chemistry and Physiology of Mycotoxins
Mycotoxicology of Stored Feeds and Seeds
Production of Mycotoxin (Other than Afla-
toxin) by Fungi Isolated from Cottonseed
Herbicides
Minimum Tillage and Double Cropping on
Weed Populations and Persistence and Fate
of Herbicides
Fate and Effects of Atrazine in Salt Marsh Eco-
systems
Effects of Herbicides on Submerged Water
Plants
Morphology, Physiology, Taxonomy
Distribution and Habitats of Alabama Poi-
sonous Vascular Plants
Flower and Pod Abscission in Soybean (Glycine
Max. (L.) Merr.)
Effects of Environmental Stress Factors on
Some Energy-related Processes of Plants
Changes in Lipid Metabolism and Competition
of Water-stressed and Phytohormone
Treated Plants
Water Conservation in Cotton by Drought
Induced Leaf Surface Wax Synthesis
Water Transport Phenomena in the Soil-plant
System
Isolation and Identification of Odorous Meta-
bolites of Aquatic Actinomycetes
FISHERIES AND ALLIED
AQUACULTURES
Aquatic Ecology
Management of Aquatic Plants for Sportfish
Production in Ponds
Stream and Impoundment Ecology
Fish Biology
Ichthyology
Fish Diseases
Cooperative Fish Parasite and Disease Study
Pond Management
Aquaculture
Freshwater Food Animals, I
Freshwater Food Animals, II
Freshwater Food Animals, III
Freshwater Food Animals, IV
Sportfish Management
The Culture of Fish, Shellfish, and Aquatic
Plants in a Closed System
FORESTRY
Disease Control
Ecology and Control of Fusiform Rust on
Southern Pines
Forest Genetics and Tree
Improvement
Breeding and Culture of Christmas Trees
Breeding Strategies for Genetic Improvement
of Commercial Forest Trees in the South
25
Genetics, Breeding, and Evaluation of Selected
Forest Tree Species
Forest Physiology and Nutrition
Growth and Nutrition Requirements of Selected
Hardwoods
Leaf Reflectance and Biological Processes of
Trees as Affected by Environmental
Conditions
Forest Products and Technology
Evaluation of Structural Properties of Southern
Yellow Pine Plywood
Forest Measurements
Total Tree Volume and Weight Equations for
Selected Tree Species in Alabama
Forest Site Quality
Physiographic Classification of Southern
Pine Forest Lands
Forest Stand Improvement
Variations in Height Over Age Curves of Young
Loblolly Pine Plantations
Harvesting
An In-depth Evaluation of Five Forest Har-
vesting Simulation Models for Use in South
Time and Production Studies of Feller-bunchers
Mathematical and Computer Modeling for
Optimizing Forest Harvesting and Wood
Utilization
Resource Economics
Forestry's Contribution to Alabama's Economy
Forest Ecology
Evaluation of Site Potential for Yellow-poplar
Site Index Curves for Use in the Hilly
Coastal Plain
HOME ECONOMICS
RESEARCH
Housing
Quality Housing Environment for Low-income
Families
Nutrition
Effect of Maternal Dietary Lipid on
Prostaglandin Content of Human Milk
Influence of Dietary Pyridoxine or Tissue De-
pletion of B-6 in the Rat
Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Food
Persons
Metabolic Basis of Appetite Reponse to Amino
Acid Imbalance and Protein Level
Metabolic and Histologic Changes in Obese
Adult Female Rats Fed Liquid Protein
Reducing Diets
Patterns of Food Intake and Nutritional Health
of Girls
Protein Utilization and Metabolism in Nutrition
Textile Safety
Selected Factors Affecting the Consumer Use
Performance of Flame Retardant Fabrics
Soiling, Soil Removal, and Durable Press Traits
of Flame Retardant Cotton/Polyester
Fabrics
Textile Utilization
Chemistry of Photo-degradation of Cotton
Tentage Fabrics
Consumer Expectations, Consumer Satis-
faction, and Performance of Upholstery
Fabrics
Consumer Perception of Changes in Fabric
Properties
HORTICULTURE
Breeding
Breeding Improved Tomato and Pepper
Varieties for the South
Breeding Pickling Cucumbers for Resistance
to Gummy Stem Blight and Cucumber
Beetles
Genetics and Breeding for Pest Resistance in
Muskmelons and Watermelons
Genetics and Breeding of Plums
Southernpea Breeding and Nature of Resistance
to Cowpea Curculio
Management
Culture and Cultivars of Peaches
Factors Influencing Vegetative and Repro-
ductive Development of Young Pecan Trees
Height Control in Floricultural Crops
Nutritional, Cultural, and Varietal Investigation
of Apples
Regulation of Pistillate Flower Development in
Pecan
Ornamentals and Landscape
Conservation
Economics of Producing and Marketing Woody
Ornamentals in the South
Nitrogen Requirements for Containerized
Nursery Plants in Bark Growth Mixes
Identification and Control of Diseases on
Ornamental Plants
Small Scale Computer Land Use Modeling in
Coastal Alabama
Soil Fertility
Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Requirements of
Vegetable Crops
Utilization
Quality Attributes of Selected Cultivars of
Fruits and Vegetables
New Foods from the Southernpea
Varieties
Performance Trials of Commercially Important
POULTRY SCIENCE
Breeding
Artificial Insemination of Broiler Breeders
Reproductive Performance of Artificially
Inseminated Broiler Breeders Maintained
in Cages
Disease Control
Coccidiosis Study
Coccidia and Coccidiosis of Poultry
Development of Adjuvants for Immunopo-
tentiation of Inactivated Microbial Antigens
for Poultry
Diagnostic Services-Poultry
Genetic Bases for Resistance to Avian Diseases
Infection and Immunity in Poultry
Relationship of Blood Pressure and Aortic
Tissue Lipids and Athlerosclerosis in
Turkeys
Susceptibility of Eimeria Species to
Coccidiostats
Environment
Eggshell Quality of Domestic Fowl
Environmental Influences on Poultry
Utilization of Solar Energy in Poultry Pro-
duction
ZOOLOGY-
ENTOMOLOGY
Ecology
Ecological Impacts of Wading Birds on Aquatic
Environment
Reptiles and Amphibians of Alabama
Natural History of the Alabama Red-bellied
Turtle
Miscellaneous
Auburn University Entomological Museum
Endocrine and Muscle Relationships in Swine
and Cattle
Reproductive Physiology of Farm Animals
Structure and Function of Chemical Messengers
of Arthropods
Pest Control
An Integrated System for the Suppression of
Boll Weevil
Biological Control of Selected Arthropod Pests
Biology and Control of Arthropod Pests of
Pecans
Biology and Control of Arthropod Pests of
Woody Ornamental Plants in Alabama
Biology and Control of Selected Peanut and
Soybean Insects
Biology, Ecology, and Control of Forest and
Shade Tree Insects
Bionomics and Control of Arthropod Pests of
Corn, Sorghum, and Small Grains
Bionomics and Control of the Face Fly and
Other Diptera
Bionomics and Control of the Pecan Weevil
Biosystematics of Scale Insects of Alabama
Control Tactics and Management Systems for
Arthropod Pests of Soybeans
Ecology and Management of Heliothis spp. on
Cotton, Corn, Soybeans, and Other Host
Plants
Insect Enemies of Bark Beetles Infesting
Southern Pine Beetle
Vegetable Insects Research
Wildlife Management
Ecological Studies of Wild Turkeys
Furbearer and Mammalian Predator Studies
General Wildlife Studies
Reproductive Physiology of the Wild Turkey
Woodcock Studies
26
$2,830,516 30.9%
Federal Appropriated Funds
&h finan~cil picture
$6,343,147 69.1%
State Appropriated Funds
100%
Expenditure
of Appropriated Funds
Beef Cattle
Cotton
Dairy Cattle
Feed Grains
12.2%
3.9%
7.0%
3.4%
______Fish & Wildlife 6.2%
____ _______ ___ Forestry 9.3%
___________ ________Fruits, Nuts & Vegetables 8.6%
Human & Resource Development 3.8%
_______ ___ ____ ___ Ornamentals & Turf 3.3%
Other Funds
Grants $2,502,793
Sales $2,644,81 5
Total Funds
$14,321,.271
Posture & Forage
Pea nuts
Poultry
h-Recreotion
____________ ____ Soils, Land & Water
____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ Soybeans
Swine
Other
9.9%
2.8%
10.0%
.3%
6.4%
5.8%
4.6%
2.5%
In formation contained herein is available to all without regard to race, color, or national origin.